P2 Module 4: Disease+Evolution Flashcards
Pathogen
Microorganism that causes diesease. There are 4 types: bacteria, virus, fungi, protocist
Communicable disease
Disease caused by a pathogen thats transmitted from one host to another
Bacteria special features (3)
-Not membrane bound
-Prokaryotes
-Cell wall made up of peptidoglycan
Bacteria Diseases (3)
-TB: Animals
-Bacterial menginigtis: Humans
-Ring rot: potatoes + tomatos
3 ways bacteria damage host
-Produce toxins which are poisionous and damage host cells (hc)
-Break down cell mem
-Interfere w hc genetic material therefore cells cant divide
Treatment for bacterial disease
Antibiotics
Virus features (2)
-No nucleus
-Non living: have to use host to reproduce
Virus disease (3)
-HIV/AIDS: humans
-Influenza: animals
-TMV: plants
How do viruses damage host?
-Take over cell metabolism
-Viral genetic material gets into hc and is inserted into host DNA.
-When we carry out protein synthesis we make copies of the virus
-Cell burst destroying the cell and spreading to infect other cells
Fungi features (3)
-Eukaryotic
-Cell wall made up of chitin
-Extracellular digestion + release spores
Fungi disease (3)
-Black sigatoka: bananas
-Ringworm: cattle
-Athletes foot: humans
How do fungi disease damage host?
-Digest living cells and destroy them
-Produce toxins which affect host cells and causes disease
Protocist features
-Group of eukaryotic organisms (mem bound)
-Parasitic (use people/animals as their host)
-May need vector
2 protcist disease
-Malaria
-Potato/ tomato late blight
How do protocist damage host?
-Digest and use cells contents to reproduce
Direct transmission
Disease is transmitted directly from one org to another
Examples of direct transmission (3)
Droplet
Sex
Touching infected organism
Indirect transmission
Disease transmitted from one organism to another via an intermediate
Examples of intermediate (4)
Air
Water
Food
Vectors
Animal defences (6)
-Skin
-Mucous membrane
-Blood clotting
-Inflammation
-Wound repair
-Expulsive reflex