P2 info Flashcards
what is the test to see if oxygen is present
if a glowing splint in a test tube relights
what is the test to see if hydrogen is present
a lightened splint in a test tube will make a pop sound
what is the test to see if carbon dioxide is present
gas bubbles through limewater will turn a milky cloudy colour
what is the test to see if chlorine is present
damp lightmus paper help in a test tube will turn white
what is rate of reaction
measured by how quickly a reactant is used up or a product is used
what is collision theory
for a chemical reaction to happen
Reactant particles must collide
particles must have enough energy
A collision which produces a reaction is called a successful collision
activation energy
the minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to take place
factors that effect the rate of reactions
Temperature
Concentration
Particle size
Use of a catalyst
what is a catalyst
a substance that speeds up the rate of reaction but doesn’t actually get used up themselves
reversible reaction
in some chemical reactions the product of the reaction can react together to produce reactants
hydrocarbons
compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon atoms only
crude oil
finite resources- will eventually run out
complex mixture of hydrocarbons joined together in chains and rings
used for fuels
alkanes
saturated hydrocarbons
same formula generally
similar chemical properties
M
E
P
B
methane (cH4)
ethane (c2H6)
propane (c3H8)
butane (c4H10)
fractional distillation
used to separate crude oil into similar and more smaller mixtures. It’s used as different hydrocarbons have different boiling points
during fractional distillation
heated crude oil enters a fracturing column after vapours rise when condensed, leading to liquids being left out of the column
cracking
the breaking down of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller more useful molecules by vaporising them
reasons for cracking
helps match the supply of fractions with the demand for them
produces alkenes
