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CAM304 - ANATOMY > P2: External Skull > Flashcards

P2: External Skull Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones (excluding teeth and the six auditory ossicles) are there in the skull?

A

22

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2
Q

What type of joints are between the 22 bones of the skull?

A

Fibrous joints (sutures)

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3
Q

What are the non-fibrous joints in the skull?

A
  1. Joints between auditory ossicles

2. TMJ - Synovial

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4
Q

What are the two main divisions of the skull for descriptive purposes?

A

Neurocranium (also divided into cranial vault/calveria and cranial base/floor) and facial skeleton

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5
Q

Name the bones of the facial skeleton

A
  1. Mandible
  2. Maxilla (x2)
  3. Zygomatic (x2)
  4. Lacrimal (x2)
  5. Nasal (x2)
  6. Inferior nasal concha (x2)
  7. Palatine (x2)
  8. Vomer
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6
Q

Name the bones of the neurocranium

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Occipital
  3. Parietal (x2)
  4. Temporal (x2)
  5. Ethmoid
  6. Sphenoid
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7
Q

Name the large suture on the calvaria (skull cap/cranial vault)

A
  1. Coronal
  2. Sagittal
  3. Lambdoid
  4. Squamous
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8
Q

Which sutures meet at the lambda?

A

Sagittal and lambdoid

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9
Q

Which sutures meet at the bregma?

A

Coronal and sagittal

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10
Q

Which sutures meet at the asterion?

A

Lambdoid and squamous

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11
Q

What is the pterion?

A

A region where the frontal, temporal, parietal and sphenoid bones all come together. It is located posterior to the temple.

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12
Q

What is the nasion?

A

The intersection between the frontal bone and the nasal bones

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13
Q

What is the vertex?

A

Highest point of the skull (posterior to the bregma)

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14
Q

What is the inion?

A

Most prominent part of the external occipital protuberance (large palpable bump on occipital bone)

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15
Q

What type of joint do teeth articulate with in the alveolar processes?

A

Gomphoses (fibrous socket joints)

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16
Q

Is the mandibular foramen on the medial or lateral aspect of the rams of the mandible?

A

Medial

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17
Q

What runs through the mandibular foramen into the mandibular canal?

A
  1. Inferior alveolar artery
  2. Inferior alveolar nerve (which is a branch of V3 - mandibular division of trigeminal nerve). Becomes mental nerve when it exits the mandibular canal through the mental foramen anterolaterally.
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18
Q

What emerges from the mental canal in the mandible?

A

Mental nerve & vessels (from inferior alveolar nerve & vessels)

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19
Q

Describe the anatomy of the superior nuchal line?

A

It extends laterally from the inion (external occipital protuberance) and is the site of attachment for the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, splenuis capitus and the occipitalis muscle.

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20
Q

Which bones form the zygomatic arch?

A

Temporal process of zygomatic bone, and zygomatic process of temporal bone.

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21
Q

Where is the temporal fossa?

A

Superior to the zygomatic arch

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22
Q

Where is the infratemporal fossa?

A

Deep to the ramus of the mandible, and inferior to the zygomatic arch

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23
Q

Which which bones does the frontal process of the maxilla articulate?

A

Frontal, Nasal, Lacrimal

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24
Q

Which part of the maxilla contains the sockets for the teeth?

A

Superior alveolar process (located inferiorly on maxilla)

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25
What is the lateral pterygoid plate, and where is it located?
Part of the sphenoid bone; forms part of the infratemporal fossa wall posterior to the maxilla.
26
Where is the pterygomaxillary fissure located?
Between the lateral pterygoid plate and the maxilla
27
Where is the pterygopalatine fossa?
Deep to the superior part of the pterygomaxillary fissure
28
Which bones articulate with the greater wing of the sphenoid? Describe it's location.
Frontal, parietal, zygomatic and squamous part of the temporal bone. It is located anteriorly in the temporal fossa.
29
Which foramen is posterior to the zygomatic arch?
external acoustic/auditory meatus
30
The orbit has four walls: Superior, Inferior, Medial & Lateral. Which bones make up each of the walls?
1. Superior: frontal bone 2. Inferior: Maxilla 3. Lateral: zygomatic & sphenoid 4. Medial: Maxilla, lacrimal and ethmoid (this is from anterior to posterior)
31
What is the large depression at the anterior part of the medial wall of the orbit called? In which bones is it located?
Fossa of the lacrimal sac - lacrimal & maxilla bones.
32
Into what does the fossa of the lacrimal sac open?
Nasolacrimal canal which leads into the nasal cavity.
33
What passes through the infraorbital fossa?
Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (CNV) - V2
34
What passes through the supraorbital fossa/notch?
Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (CNV) - V1
35
What are the three fossa/fissures in the orbit called?
1. Superior orbital fissure 2. Inferior orbital fissure 3. Optic canal
36
With what is the inferior orbital canal continuous?
Pterygopalatine fossa
37
Which bones form the piriform aperture (anterior opening of the nasal cavity)?
Maxilla and nasal bones on either side
38
What makes up the nasal septum?
1. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone 2. Vomer 3. Septal cartilage
39
What does the inferior aspect of the vomer articulate with?
Anterior nasal spine of the maxilla
40
What passes through the foramen magnum?
1. Medulla of brainstem is continuous with spinal cord 2. Vertebral aa 3. Anterior and posterior spinal aa 4. Accessory nerve enters the cranium
41
What is the basion?
Most anterior point of the foramen magnum
42
How do you measure cranial height?
From the basion (most anterior part of foramen magnum) up to the bregma.
43
Describe how the skull articulates with the spine
The occipital condyles of the skull articulate with the atlas (C1).
44
What passes through the hypoglossal canal (located superiorly to the occipital condyles)?
Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)
45
What is in the condylar canal? (located posterior to the occipital condyles)
Veins
46
Where is the foramen lacerum located?
At the junction of the occipital, temporal (apex of petrous part) and sphenoid bones. It is filled with cartilage in life.
47
Which foramen lies between the mastoid process and styloid process, and what passes through it?
Stylomastoid foramen which contains the facial nerve (CNVII)
48
Where is the jugular foramen, and what passes through it?
Between the styloid process and occipital condyles. It contains the internal jugular vein (from sigmoid sinus) as well as CNIX, X, XI.
49
What lies just anterior to the jugular foramen?
Carotid canal which contains the internal carotid artery.
50
What nerve travels through the foramen ovale?
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3)
51
What travels through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal arteries
52
What forms the boundaries of the nasal choane?
laterally the medial pterygoid plates of the sphenoid, inferiorly the horizontal plate of the palatine bones and the vomer divides the two choane on the midline.
53
What comprises the bony palate/roof of the mouth?
Anteriorly the palatine processes of the maxilla; posteriorly the horizontal plate of the palatine bones.
54
Which foramina are posterioro-laterally located on the bony palate?
Greater palatine foramen and lesser palatine foramen.
55
Which foramen is located anteriorly in the midline of the bony palate?
Incisive foramen.
56
What is a metopic suture?
When the frontal suture fails to fully ossify during early childhood (by 4 years of age), the residual suture is called a metopic suture.
57
What are fontanelles?
Fibrous tissue of the neurocranium yet to ossify through intramembranous ossification.
58
Name the fontanelles
1. Anterior fontanelle (at site of bregma) 2. Posterior fontanelle (at site of lambda) 3. Sphenoidal fontanelle (becomes the pterion) 4. Mastoid fontanelle (becomes the asterion)
59
How many deciduous teeth are there?
20
60
How many permanent/secondary teeth are there?
32
61
Which bones contain air sinuses or air cells?
1. Frontal 2. Maxilla 3. Ethmoid 4. Sphenoid 5. Mastoid

CAM304 - ANATOMY (7 decks)

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