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CHEM Unit 2 Nature’s Chemistry > P2- Everday Consumer Products > Flashcards

P2- Everday Consumer Products Flashcards

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1
Q

Alcohol

A

Alkane where one of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an -OH group (hydroxyl group which is the functional group)
Replace e with ol
Same structure as alkanes

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2
Q

Functional group

A

Part of hydrocarbon molecule that gives its characteristic reactivity

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3
Q

First 8 alcohols

A

Methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol
Molecular: CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH, C4H9OH, C5H11OH, C6H13OH, C7H15OH, C8H17OH
Shortened: CH30H, CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2C2CH2HOH, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2CH2C2CH2CH2CH2OH
Same structure as alkanes

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4
Q

Homologous series

A

A family of compounds with the same general formula, similar chemical properties and gradually changing physical properties

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5
Q

Alcohol general formula

A

CnH2n+1OH

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6
Q

Uses of alcohols

A

Alcoholic drinks (ethanol)
Solvents
Fuels because highly flammable

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7
Q

Miscibility

A

How well a substance can dissolve

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8
Q

Miscibility of alcohols

A

First 3 are miscible with water
Larger the molecule, lower the miscbility

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9
Q

Alcohol isomers

A

Position of hydroxyl group changes

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10
Q

Naming alcohols

A

Alkane prefix- position of functional group- ol
Count from side closest to functional group along longest chain alcohol

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11
Q

Carboxylic acid

A

Alkane where end hydrogen atom replaced with a -COOH group - carboxyl group which is the functional group of carboxylic acids
Undergo neutralisation reactions with bases

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12
Q

First 8 carboxylic acids

A

Methanoic, ethanoic, propanoic, butanoic, pentanoic, hexanoic, heptanoic, octanoic
Molecular: HCOOH, CH3COOH, C2H5COOH, C3H7COOH, C4H9COOH, C5H11COOH, C6H13COOH, C7H15COOH
Short: HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2OOH, CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH

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13
Q

Carboxylic acid general formula

A

CnH2n+1COOH

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14
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal

A

Salt + hydrogen

Eg
Ethanoic acid + magnesium — magnesium ethanoate + hydrogen

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15
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal oxide

A

Salt + water

Eg
Methanoic acid + sodium oxide — sodium methanoate + water

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16
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal hydroxide

A

Salt + water

Eg
Propanoic acid + potassium hydroxide — potassium propanoate + water

17
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal carbonate

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Eg
Ethanoic acid + lithium carbonate — lithium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide

18
Q

Carboxylic acid physical properties

A

Boiling and melting point increase because as the number of carbon atoms and the size of the molecule increases, the intermolecular forces also increase so more heat energy is required to separate the molecules
pH below 7
Weak acids because partially ionised in solution
First 4 soluble in water then solubility decreases

19
Q

Carboxylic acid properties

A

Dissolve in water to produce acidic solutions

CHEM Unit 2 Nature’s Chemistry (3 decks)

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