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physics > P2 electricity > Flashcards

P2 electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is current

A

the flow of electrons through

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2
Q

what is potential difference and its equation using current and resitance

A

it is the difference in electrical potential between two points.

potential difference= current x resistance

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3
Q

what is the equation for current charge and time

A

charge = current x time

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4
Q

what is resistance and the unit it is measured in

A

when electrical current degrades due to work being done on componants in the circuit

ohms

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5
Q

charcterisitics of an ohmic conductor
filament lamp
diode

A

ohmic conductor is constant and therefore the current is directly proportional to the resistance
filament lamp, everything increases
diode- current only flows through one direction therefore its graph only starts when the x axis is positive

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6
Q

how is potential difference distributed around a series circuit

and also a parallel circuit

A

series- its all shared

parallel- its the same across all componants

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7
Q

how is current distributed in

a series circuit-
a parallel circuit-

A

series- its the same across all componants

parallel- its all shared between branches

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8
Q

what is the equation linking power, potential difference and current

A

power= current x potential difference

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9
Q

what is the equation linking power current and resistance

A

power = current2 x resistance

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10
Q

what is the equation linking energy transfered, power and time

A

energy transfered= power x time

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11
Q

what do you do with any equation involving energy transfered

A

time the other two variables

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12
Q

what is direct current and what is alternating current

A

in alternating the current is constantly changing direction

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13
Q

what type of current is the uk mains supply and what is its voltage and its frequency

A

alternating current, 230v

50 cycles per second (50hz)

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14
Q

features of
live wire
neutral wire
earth wire

A

live- red and provides the alternating potential difference
neutral- blue and completes the circuit
earth- keeps it all safe by protecting the wiring

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15
Q

features of the national grid in terms of

type of current
how they cope with demand
high or low potential difference and current

A

alternating current
they have a high capacity to cope with a high demand
high potential difference and low current

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16
Q

what does a kettle do in terms of power

A

it transfers energy from the uk mains supply and turns it into its thermal energy store. its voltage is 230v

17
Q

why does the national gird have high pd but not high current

A
  • cheaper to have high pd
  • high current would burn the wires
  • lose loads of energy if current was high
18
Q

how is static electricity caused

A

when insulating materials are rubbed together causing friction, all the negativlet charged electrons are dumped off one and put onto the other

19
Q

how is a spark caused

A

as the potential difference increaes, the electrons try to escape, jumping and causing a spark

20
Q

how do charged objects exert forces of attraction and repulsion from a distance

A

they have a charged electrical field

21
Q

how is a negative electrical field represneted on a diagram

A

arrows point towards the object

22
Q

how is a positivley charged electrical field displayed on a diagram

A

arrows point away from the object

23
Q

what makes an electric shock happen

A

a large gap in potential difference and the transfer of electrons

24
Q

process of investigating resistance in a series circuit

A
  • set up circuit with ammeter and resistor
  • measure current and then resistance using equation
  • repeat this for 4 resistors then record your results and plot a graph on resistors and total resistance
25
Q

list the steps required when investigating the affect of length on resistance

A
  • attach two crocodile clips to a test wire (which is on a ruler) make sure theyre 10cm apart
  • close the switch and record the current/pd to find resistance
  • run this experiment a few times, making sure you increase the length of the wire by 10cm every time.
  • plot your results in a graph measuring resistance and length

physics (4 decks)

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