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GCSE PHYSICS ⏱🛫 > P2 > Flashcards

P2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a scalar quantity

A

A scalar quantity is a physical quantity which has a magnitude and can be measured

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2
Q

Give three examples of scalar quantitys

A 
Speed
Distance 
Mass 
Time 
Are all scalar quantities
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3
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A vector quantity is a physical quantity which has both a magnitude and direction that can be measured

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4
Q

Give three examples of vector quantities

A

Velocity
Displacement
Force
Acceleration

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5
Q

Distance=

A

Distance= speed x time

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6
Q

Acceleration=

A

Acceleration = change in velocity/ time

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7
Q

What is acceleration?

A

Acceleration is the rate of changing velocity

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8
Q

In a distance time graph what do these parts describe

1) the gradient
2) a flat line
3) a curve

A

1) the gradient represents the speed
2) a flat line means it has stopped
3) a curve means acceleration or deceleration

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9
Q

In a velocity time graph what to these parts describe

1) the gradient
2) a flat line
3) a curve
4) the area under the graph

A

1) the gradient represents the acceleration/ deceleration
2) a flat line represents steady speed
3) a curve represents a changing acceleration/ deceleration
4) the area under the graph represents the distance travelled

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10
Q

What is a force?

A

A push pull that acts on an object due to an interaction with another object

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11
Q

What is a contact force? Give some examples of contact forces

A

A contact force is any force that acts between two objects that are physically touching each other. Examples include friction, air resistance and normal contact force

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12
Q

What is a non contact force? Give some examples of non contact forces

A

A non contact force is any force that acts between two objects which are not physically touching one another. Examples include gravity, magnetism and electrostatic force.

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13
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

A resultant force is an overall single force which has the same effect as all the original forces acting together

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14
Q

What is a free body diagram?

A

A free body diagram is a diagram where the object is represented a point and the forces as arrows

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15
Q

What does a resultant force of 0 mean?

A

A resultant force of 0 me and the forces are balanced so an object is either stationary or moving at a steady velocity.

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16
Q

What does a resultant force that isn’t 0 mean?

A

A resultant force that isn’t 0 means that the forces are unbalanced so the p eject is either accelerating or decelerating

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17
Q

How can you calculate the size and direction of a resultant force? (Step by step)

A

You can calculate the size and direction of a resultant force using a vector diagram
First you set a scale (e.g. 1N=1cm) then you draw your first force and then your second force tip to tail to the first force. Fill in the missing side and measure it to find the resultant force

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18
Q

What does resolving a force mean?

A

Resolving a force men ad finding two forces at right angles which have the same effect as the original force.

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19
Q

How can we resolve a force?

A

First draw a pair of axis then draw your original force on at the correct angle. Draw dotted lines down to each axis and measure the distance to those dotted lines to find the resolve forces

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20
Q

What is Newton’s 1st law of motion?

A

If the resultant force acting on an object is 0 that object will either remain stationary or continue moving at a steady velocity

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21
Q

What is Newton’s 2nd law of motion?

A

An object’s acceleration is directly proportional to its force and inversely proportional to its mass
Force = mass x acceleration

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22
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd law of motion?

A

When two objects interact the force they exert is opposite and equal

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23
Q

What is friction?

A

Friction is a contact force that works in the direction that opposes movement on a moving object

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24
Q

What happens if:

1) Driving force = friction
2) Driving force > friction
3) Driving force < friction

A

1) if driving forces is equal to friction the object will move at a steady speed
2) if the driving force is greater than friction the object will accelerate
3) if the driving forces is less than friction the object will decelerate

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25
Q

What is friction in fluids called?

A

Friction in fluids is called drag

26
Q

What is friction in air called?

A

Friction in air is called air resistance

27
Q

Give the definition of terminal velocity

A

Terminal velocity is the point when friction is equal to driving force and the object has reached its maximum velocity

28
Q

Finish the sentence

The greater the friction the —— the terminal velocity

A

The greater the friction the lower the terminal velocity

29
Q

What is inertia

A

Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to a change in its velocity

30
Q

How does mass effect inertia?

A

The larger mass the larger inertia

31
Q

Definition of momentum

A

Momentum is how difficult an object is to stop

32
Q

Calculate the momentum of a stationary car which is 1000 kg

A

Objects that are not moving have no momentum so 0

33
Q

Momentum=

A

Momentum= mass x velocity

34
Q

What is the conservation of momentum?

A

The conservation of momentum says that in a closed system the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after

35
Q

Force =

In terms of momentum

A

Change in momentum/ time

36
Q

Describe an experiment to measure acceleration

A

1) put a ticker timer on a raised surface
2) feed the ticker time tape through it making sure it goes under the graphite sheet
3) tape an object (eg a tennis ball) to the tape
4) turn it on and drop the ball
5) take your ticker timer tape and cut into equal periods of time (eg 5 dots)
6) to compare stick the strips down onto a graph the longer the strips the faster the free fall

37
Q

Give the definition of gravity

A

Gravity is a non contact force of attraction between all objects

38
Q

Definition of mass

A

The mass of an object tells us how much matter it has in it

39
Q

Definition of weight

A

Weight is the form acting on an object due to gravity

40
Q

What is the centre of mass?

A

The centre of mass is the single point where the weight of an object can be considered to act

41
Q

Definition of kinetic energy

A

Kinetic energy is the energy stored in moving objects

42
Q

Calculate the kinetic energy of an stationary object with 100kg of mass

A

Stationary objects have no kinetic energy

43
Q

Kinetic energy =

A

0.5 x mass x speed2

44
Q

Give the definition of gravitational potential energy

A

Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position above the earths surface due to gravity acting on it

45
Q

Gravitational potential energy =

A

Gravitational potential energy = mass x gravity x height

46
Q

Explain an experiment investigating hooked law

A

1) set up a stand and clamp a metal rod horizontally to it. Hand a spring off the rod
2) measure the starting length of the spring
3) add a 1N weight to the end of the spring using a hook and measure its new length. Take away the original length to find its extension.
4) continue adding 1N at a time and measuring its extension
5) plot a graph of the extensions and draw a line of best fit where it obeys hooked law. The gradient= spring constant
6) where the line begins to curve is the springs elastic limit.

47
Q

Give the definition of work done

A

Work done is the energy transferred when force is used to move an object

48
Q

Work done=

A

Force x distance

49
Q

Give the definition of power

A

Power is the rate at which energy is transferred/work done

50
Q

Power=

A

Work done (energy transferred)/ time

51
Q

Where does the energy transfer go when a force deforms an elastic object?

A

When a force deforms an elastic objects work is done and energy is transferred to its elastic potential energy store.

52
Q

How can you find the energy transferred in stretching an elastic object?

A

You could calculate the area under a force- extension graph to find the energy transferred in stretching an elastic object

Or you could use the equation;

Energy transferred in stretching = 0.5 x spring constant x extension ^2

53
Q

Give the definition of a moment

A

A moment is a turning effect about a pivot

54
Q

Moment =

A

Force x distance

55
Q

What is true when an object is balanced

A

Anti-clockwise moment = clockwise moment

56
Q

What is a lever?

A

Levers are force multipliers

57
Q

In a lever

The moment of the input force is equal to…

A

The moment of the input force is equal to the moment of the output force

58
Q

What is the function of a gear?

A

A gear transfers turning effects

59
Q

Pressure =

A

Force / area

60
Q

Why is pressure transmitted equally in all directions in a liquid?

A

Because liquids are incompressible

61
Q

What is a hydraulic system ?

A

A hydraulic system uses liquid pressure as a force multiplier

GCSE PHYSICS ⏱🛫 (8 decks)

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