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GCSE Physics > P2 > Flashcards

P2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the speed distance time formula?

A

distance travelled (m) = speed (m/s) x time (s)

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2
Q

How do you convert from mph to m/s?

A

Step 1) convert the miles to metres (1609 m/mile)
Step 2) convert hours to seconds (3600 s/hour)
Step 3) Use the equation speed distance time to find the speed

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3
Q

Define uniform-motion.

A

It is when the motion is at a constant speed so the speed doesn’t change.

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4
Q

List one thing we can use to measure the time it takes for an object to travel a specific distance.

A

A stopwatch

A light gate

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5
Q

Why do some scientists use ultrasound to measure distance?

A

An ultrasound measures the time taken for a pulse to travel there and back, which means it is more efficient and accurate as you can’t make a human error and it can record long distances.

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6
Q

Define acceleration

A

The change in velocity per second

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7
Q

Suggest why light gates are more accurate than stopwatches.

A

They are more accurate than stopwatches because the reaction time of the person can affect the precision of the measurement. Light gates use a timer which starts and stops when an object interrupts a light-beam. So you can measure very short periods more accurately than stopwatches.
Light gates minimise/eliminate errors

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8
Q

Convert 50 mph to m/s.

A

50 miles = 50 miles x 1609 m/mile
= 80450 m

1 hour = 3600 s

Speed= distance / time
= 80450 / 3600
= 22.35 m/s (2dp)

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9
Q

When all the forces acting on an abject is not equal…

A

…the object will be accelerating

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10
Q

What is the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity?

A

The difference is that a vector quantity is a measurement that has a magnitude (size) and direction whereas a scalar quantity only has a magnitude.

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12
Q

What’s the difference between distance and displacement?

A 
Distance= the total amount of meters travelled 
Displacement = the total amount of meters you ended up with compared to where you started
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13
Q

What does a horizontal line on a distance-time graph mean?

A

A horizontal line means that the object is not moving

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14
Q

Equation to calculate acceleration

A

acceleration (m/s^2) = change in velocity (m/s) / time (s)

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15
Q

What’s the difference between speed and velocity?

A

Speed is a scalar quantity so it doesn’t have direction whereas vector is a vector quantity so it is the speed with a direction.

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16
Q

List one thing we can use to measure the distance travelled by an object.

A

A ruler

An ultrasound

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17
Q

An object is accelerating, the moment…

A

…its speed changes
…its direction changes
OR
…both

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18
Q

What do the downhill () sections on a velocity time graph show?

A

It shows constant deceleration

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20
Q

Write the Equation of motion

A

(Final velocity)^2 (m/s)^2 - (initial velocity)^2 (m/s)^2
= 2 x acceleration (m/s)^2 x distance (m)

v^2 - u^2 = 2 x a x d

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22
Q

What does a graph of distance against time tell you?

A

It tells you about the speed of an object not its journey.

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23
Q

When all the forces acting on an object are equal/balanced…

A

…the motion of an object will be uniform (Fnet = 0N)

24
Q

What is speed equal to on a distance time graph?

A

It is equal to the gradient (slope) of the graph.

25
Q

In a velocity-time graph what is the gradient equal to?

A

The gradient is equal to acceleration (magnitude and direction)

26
Q

What does a straight line on a distance-time graph mean ?

A

A straight line means an object’s speed is constant because the gradient doesn’t change

27
Q

What does a steepening curve mean in a distance-time graph?

A

A steepening curve means it’s speeding up.

28
Q

How do you calculate the distance/displacement from a speed/velocity - time graph?

A

The distance/displacement is the area under the the line on a speed/velocity -time graph.

29
Q

What type of quantity is acceleration?

A

Vector quantity so can have a positive or negative value

30
Q

What is the relationship between the steepness of the line and the speed?

A

The steeper the line is, the faster the object is travelling

31
Q

What does a levelling of curve mean on a distance-time graph?

A

A levelling off curve means it’s slowing down

32
Q

How do you work out the speed if a distance-time graph is curved?

A

If the graph is curved, to find the speed at a certain time you need to draw a tangent to the curve at that point and then find the gradient of the tangent.

33
Q

What does a curve mean on a velocity-time graph?

A

A curve means changing acceleration

34
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy (J) = 0.5 x mass (kg) x (speed (m/s))^2

35
Q

What do the uphill (/) sections on a velocity time graph show?

A

It shows constant acceleration.

36
Q

What is the difference between a distance-time graph and a displacement-time graph?

A

A distance-time graph shows the total distance travelled.
If you plot a displacement-time graph, then the gradient can be positive, zero or negative. The gradient of the graph is the velocity, so it has direction as well as magnitude.

39
Q

What do the flat sections show on the velocity-time graph?

A

The flat sections represent steady velocity

42
Q

What do curves on distance-time graph mean?

A

Curves represent acceleration

43
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

44
Q

Define inertia

A

Inertia is the ensure of how difficult it is to change an object’s velocity.

45
Q

Give examples of non-contact forces

A

Electrostatics
Magnetism
Gravity
Nuclear

46
Q

What are non-contact forces?

A

Non-contact forces are fries between two object’s that aren’t touching

47
Q

What are contact forces?

A

A contact force is when two objects are touching

48
Q

Give examples of contact forces

A 
Friction
Drag/air resistance 
Normal contact force
Upthrust (buoyancy)
Tension
49
Q

Define force

A

A force is a push or pull that can either change the movement, speed or shape of an object.

50
Q

What is the mechanism that produces friction on a sliding box?

A

The atoms that make up the surfaces interact when rough surfaces slide over each other

51
Q

What is the mechanism that produces drag on a falling leaf?

A

The particles of the liquid or gas collide with the object and the object pushes them away

52
Q

What is the mechanism that produces normal contact force of the ground acting on an elephant?

A

Solid objects deform slightly when you exert a force on them. The bonds between the particles are compressed.

53
Q

What is the mechanism that produces up thrust on a floating boat?

A

Gravity produces pressure differences in a fluid. The pressure produces a net upwards force.

54
Q

What is the mechanism that produces tension in the chord of a bungee jumper

A

Solid objects slightly when you exert a force on them. The bonds between the particles are stretched.

55
Q

Define a free body diagram

A

A free body diagram is a diagram that shows the forces acting on a single object.

GCSE Physics (6 decks)

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