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Ocular Pharmacology > P2 > Flashcards

P2 Flashcards

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1
Q

most widely used dyes for opthalmic use

A

Flourescein Sodium

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2
Q

enhances visibility of stained areas ESPECIALLY ON CONJUNCTIVA

A

Burton Lamp or Camera

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3
Q

used to delineate vascular abnormalities of the fundus

A

Intravenous Application

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4
Q

to evaluate anterior segment blood and aqueous flow

A

IV Application

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5
Q

less readily absorbed by soft lens material

A

Flourexon

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6
Q

vibrant pink or magenta hue under white light

A

Rose Bengal

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7
Q

widely used in food industry as colorant

A

Lissamine Green

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8
Q

when was Indocyanine green introduced?

A

EARLY 1970s

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9
Q

other name for Methylene Blue

A

Urolene Blue

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10
Q

flourescent tricarbocyanine dye

A

Indocyanine green

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11
Q

helpful in diagnosis of variety of PATHOLOGIC conditions of the FUNDUS

A

Flourescein Angiography

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12
Q

differential diagnosis of dry eye syndromes

A

ROSE BENGAL

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13
Q

PROCEDURE where Flourescein Sodium is used INTRAVENOUSLY

A

FLOURESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY

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14
Q

retinal blood vessels in high contrast

A

FLOURESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY

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15
Q

CORNEAL INTEGRITY

A

flourescein sodium

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16
Q

stains epithelial cells with damaged membranes
and the corneal stroma

A

Lissamine green

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17
Q

photoreactive compound

A

rose bengal

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18
Q

methylene blue contraindication

A

allergy to dye

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19
Q

Indocyanine Green Adverse reaction

A

Transient nausea and vomiting

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20
Q

Indocyanine clinical use

A

retinal and choroidal angiography

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21
Q

methylene molecular weight

A

373.91 Da

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22
Q

free of adverse ocuar or systemic effects substance

A

SODIUM HYALURONATE

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23
Q

purpose of adding preservatives in opth sol

A

kill or inhibit growth of microorg

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24
Q

typically included in opth sol to prevent microorg

A

PRESERVATIVES

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25
Q

LAGOPHTHALMOS

A

ointment

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26
Q

med device 1974

A

punctal plugs

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27
Q

material used in lacrimal devices

A

SILICONE

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28
Q

MED, bronchial mucolytic agent and secretagogue

A

Bromhexine

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29
Q

dry eye treatment reco for SHORT PERIODS

A

Topical CORTICOSTEROID

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30
Q

3 LAYERS OF TEAR FILM

A

Lipid, Aqueous and Mucin

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31
Q

thin polar potion

A

lipid layer

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32
Q

facilitate hydration

A

Aqueous layer

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33
Q

defined dry eye

A

National Eye Institute

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34
Q

polymers used in art tears

A

MC, PVP and PVA

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35
Q

re group of polymers made of CELLULOSE

A

Substitued CELLULOSE Ether

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36
Q

minimize eyelid retraction reaction

A

Topical aneesthesia

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37
Q

parasympathomimetic agent and exhibits a
muscarinic secretagogue effect

A

Pilocarpine

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38
Q

found in oily fish

A

omega 3

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39
Q

found in beef, dairy products

A

omega 6

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40
Q

added in art tears to enhance viscosity etc

A

POLYMERS

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41
Q

occurs seasonally

A

seasonal allergic conj

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42
Q

sever form of ocular allergy YOUNG MALES

A

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis

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43
Q

INNER EYELID INFLAMMATION who wear contact lenses

A

Giant Papillary Conj

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44
Q

Persistent allergic conj

A

Perenial aLLERGIC CONJ

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45
Q

An ANTAGONIST is a combination of the H1 ANTAGONIST; both agents would theoretically block all histamine responses on the Ocular surface.

A

TOPICAL H2 Receptor Antagonist

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46
Q

block action of histamine

A

oral H1 ANTIHISTAMINE

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47
Q

synthesized according to CELLULAR DEMANDS

A

NON mast cells histamine

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48
Q

may modulate aspects of the immune response.

A

Mast cells hstmaine

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49
Q

It is synthesized and stored in various tissues, with high concentrations in the lungs

A

HISTAMINE

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50
Q

short-term relief for a blocked or stuffy nose.

A

decongestant

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51
Q

immune reactant IgG. Effector cells
are PHARGOCYTES

A

type 2

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52
Q

immune reactant IgG. Effector cells
are FcR + Cells

A

TYPE 3

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53
Q

immune reactant IgE. Effector cells
are activated mast cells

A

type 1

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54
Q

cell mediated or delayed-type
hypersensitivity

A

type 4

55
Q

most common site of allergic responses

A

eyes

56
Q

damaging immune response by the body to a
substance

A

allergy

57
Q

oldest of the currently available agents

A

PHENYLEPHRINE

58
Q

evaluated in patients with allergic or
chronic conjunctivitis and does not appear to alter the pupil size or increase IOP.

A

tetrahyddrozoline

59
Q

REPLACEMENT OF THE BENZENE RING

A

OXYMETAZOLINE

60
Q

DOUBLE MASKED FASHION

A

NAPHAZOLINE

61
Q

medications prescribed to treat or prevent eye
inflammation

A

ophthalmic nsaids

62
Q

NSAIDs inhibit

A

CYCLOOXYGENASE

63
Q

most effective topical steroid for eye inflammation

A

PREDNISOLONE

64
Q

An ophthalmic corticosteroid that has BOTH alcohol and phosphate

A

DEXAMETHASONE

65
Q

less effectively than Dexamethasone and Prednisolone.

A

flourometholone

66
Q

Primarily used for superficial eye inflammations

A

MEDRYSOME

67
Q

predictable metabolism

A

loteprednol etabonate

68
Q

effective in SUPPRESSING INFLAMMATION after
cataract extraction

A

RIMEXOLONE

69
Q

0.125% and 1.0% concentrations.

A

prednisolone

70
Q

90 and 120 minutes.

A

DEXAMETHASONE

71
Q

1% ophthalmic suspension (Vexol).

A

REMIXOLONE

72
Q

Commercially available as a 0.5% suspension
(Lotemax)

Commercially available as a 0.2% suspension
(Alrex)

“soft drug” concept.

A

loteprednol etabonate

73
Q

substance that aids the immune system by
inhibiting infective microorganisms

A

anti infective drugs

74
Q

THICK LAYER

A

GRAM POSITIVE

75
Q

THINNER LAYER

A

GRAM NEGATIVE

76
Q

high numbers

A

STAPHYLO EPIDERMIS

77
Q

LOWER NUMBERS

A

STAPH AUREUS

78
Q

SEEN AS DIPLOCOCCI

A

STREP PNEUMO

79
Q

ARRANGED IN CHAINS

A

STREP PYOGENES

80
Q

OTITIS MEDIA

A

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

81
Q

hyperpurulent conjunctivitis

A

neisseria gono

82
Q

movement of a precursor of peptidoglycan

A

BACITRACIN

83
Q

mucopeptide portion of the peptidoglycan.

A

VANCOMYCIN

84
Q

INHIBITS transpeptidases

A

pENICILLINS

85
Q

cationic detergnet

A

POLYMYXIN B

86
Q

changes permeability characteristics of the cell MEM

A

GRAMICIDIN

87
Q

30s subunit of bacterial ribosome.

A

AMINOGLYCO

88
Q

prevents the bacteria from synthesizing protein.

A

TETRACYCLINE

89
Q

50s subunits of bacterial ribosome

A

MACROLIDES

90
Q

topical formulation to treat fungal keratitis

A

AMPHOTERICIN B

91
Q

broad spectrum azole antifungal

A

Ketoconazole

92
Q

Solanaceae family

A

HOMATROPINE

93
Q

discovered atropine 1809

A

VANQUELIN

94
Q

side effects of cyclopentolate

A

lacrimation

95
Q

CYCLO with shortest duration of
action

A

TROPICAMIDE

96
Q

motion sickness

A

scopolamine

97
Q

faster onset and shorter duration than ATROPINE

A

CYCLOPENTOLATE

98
Q

longest duration of action cyclo

A

ATROPINE

99
Q

atropine contraindicated to px with

A

GLAUCOMA

100
Q

shrub hyoscyamus niger

A

scopolamine

101
Q

greater weight than
atropine

A

scopolamine

102
Q

introduced into clinical
practice in 1951?

A

CYCLOPENTOLATE

103
Q

intermediate acting cycloplegic drug

A

homatropine

104
Q

most potent mydriatic and cycloplegic
agent available

A

ATROPINE

105
Q

body’s first response to any severe condition of the eyE

A

ACUTE OCULAR PAIN

106
Q

compounded tablet

A

ENTERIC COATED ASPIRIN

107
Q

OLDEST nonopioid analgesic

A

SALICYLATE ASPIRIN

108
Q

largest class of NSAIDs

A

PROPIONIC ACID DERIVATIVES

109
Q

GENERIC NAME OF non salicylate NSAIDs

A

NAPROXEN (ANAPROX)

110
Q

first drug used for management of mild
to moderate pain

A

ACETAMINOPHEN

111
Q

traditional adjuvant

A

CAFFEINE

112
Q

standard opioid; unsuitable for
outpatients due to side effects

A

morphine

113
Q

reduce pain by blocking certain
substances

A

NON OPIOD

114
Q

work by changing how your brain
perceives pain

A

OPIOD DRUGS

115
Q

long onset of action, is not
recommended for treatment of acute ocular pain.

A

CONTROLLED RELEASE ASPIRIN

116
Q

Class of drugs that primarily work to relieve pain.

A

ANALGESICS

117
Q

can boost pain relief of opiod drugs

A

CAFFEINE

118
Q

PRIMARY CHOICE for treating severe acute pain

A

OPIOD

119
Q

opioid analgesic often COMBINED with
acetaminophen or aspirin

A

CODEINE

120
Q

alternative to aspirin

A

Non-salicylate NSAIDs

121
Q

rapid onset of anesthesia and akinesia

A

lidocaine

122
Q

Fluorexon

A

Diagnosis of glaucoma

123
Q

death of small groups of
cells on the surface of the cornea.

A

Punctate Keratopathy

124
Q

penetrating the skin with a topical
anesthetic using mild electric current.

A

Iontophoresis

125
Q

prolonged post operative pain relief

A

Bupivacaine

126
Q

exhibits both anesthetic and adrenergic agonist
activity.

A

COCAINE

127
Q

7mg/kg approx 2 hrs

A

MEPIVACAINE

128
Q

10mg/kg 30-45 mins

A

PROCAINE

129
Q

DURANEST

A

ETIDOCAINE

130
Q

long acting injectable anesthetic

A

BUPIVACAINE

131
Q

max. dosage of 20 mg

A

COCAINE

132
Q

5 mg

A

TETRACYCLINE

133
Q

10 mg AND Readily accepted by most patients

A

PROPARACAINE

Ocular Pharmacology (3 decks)

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