Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physics > P2 > Flashcards

P2 Flashcards

(101 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How do you calculate distance

A

Speed×time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are SI units

A

The agreed set of units used in science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a vector quantity

A

A quantity with both magnitude and direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a scalar quantity

A

A quantity with magnitude and no direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is displacement

A

The distance from the place you start

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between speed and velocity

A

Speed is a scalar quantity, and velocity is a vector quantity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do multiple (acting together) vector quantities work

A

If you are given two vector quantities (e.h 2 velocity measurements) you add them together to calculate the total

These quantities will go in a positive direction or negative direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the total velocity of a car traveling to the left at 40mph and a car traveling on the left side of a road, and car traveling on the opposite side of the road at 40mph

A

They travel in different directions so one is positive and one is negative

-40+40= 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are vector quantities shown

A

We use an arrow to display the direction, and the size of the arrow shows the magnitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is acceleration

A

The change in velocity ÷ change in time
Measured in m/s^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does acceleration show

A

It shows the increase in speed per second.

If something accelerated at 5m/s^2, every second their velocity would increase by 5m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you use velocities and time to calculate acceleration

A

Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity)÷ time

A = (v-u)÷t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What symbol represents initial velocity

A

U

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What symbol shows final velocity

A

V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

On a distance time graph what does the gradient show

A

The speed - as distance × time is speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

On a distance time graph what does a horizontal line show

A

There is no speed - the object is stationary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you calculate the gradient

A

Change in y ÷ change in x

Find two coordinates, subtract the y values and subtract the x values, the divide them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the difference between a displacement time graph and a distance time graph

A

A distance - time graph shows the TOTAL distance travelled, and the gradient is speed

A Displacement - time graph shows how far you have travelled from your original point
It can have a positive or negative gradient
The gradient is velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a gradient

A

The degree of steepness on a graph at any point
Also called the slope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does a velocity time graph show

A

Acceleration - the gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does a horizontal line mean of a velocity time graph

A

There is no acceleration, they are moving at a constant speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do you calculate distance on a velocity time graph

A

It is the displacement.
Displacement is the area under the graph
It is calculated by multiplying velocity and speed.
You can find it by working the area out of shapes, then adding them together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

On a velocity time graph - how can you tell when something is stationary

A

If its on the x axis - time increases but there is no velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are SUVAT equations

A

Equations that can use, displacement, initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration and time to find a missing value (that will be one of the measurements above)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the 3 most important SUVAT equations
S= ut+1/2at^2 V^2-u^2 = 2as V= u+at
26
What is kinetic energy
The energy associated with a kinetic store
27
How do you calculate kinetic energy
Ke(J) = 1/2 × mass(KG) × (speed(m/s))^2 Ke = 1/2mv^2
28
What is Newton's third law
When body A exerts a force on body B, body B exerts and equal and opposite force on body A
29
What are non contact forces
A force produced as an object is in a field The object does not need to be in contact (touching) for the force to act E.g gravity
30
How are forces drawn in diagrams
We use a force arrow As forces are vectors they have magnitude and direction Ncf arrows' are drawn from the centre of the object
31
What are contact forces
The force applied when two objects are in contact ( touching) E.g pushing a chair
32
What is an interacting pair
To forces that act upon each other
33
Examples of contact forces :
Friction - occurs as the atoms that make up two rough surfaces slide over each other Drag - a force opposite to the direct motion of a body Upthrust - the force on an object in a fluid dye to a difference in pressure Tension - solid objects deform slightly when you exert a force on them, and the bonds between the particles are stretched
34
What does 'normal' mean
A force at 90° to the surface of where it hits A line at 90° to where a wave hits
35
What is a normal contact force
A contact force that is exerted by a solid surface on an object Solid objects slightly deform when you exert a force on them, the bonds between particles are compressed
36
What is the interaction pair on, friction on a sliding box
The force of the box on the surface The force of the surface on the box
37
What is a free body diagram
A diagram that shows the forces acting on an object The object is often represented by a circle and the forces as arrows
38
What forces do free body diagrams show
ONLY THE FORCES ACTING ON THAT OBJECT It doesn't show the forces the object is giving
39
What is the resultant focre
The total force when two or more forces are added to gather as vectors (The total strength of the forces acting on an object)
40
How do you calculate the resultant force, of two forces acting at 90° to each other
Use Pythagoras theorem A^2+b^2 = c^2 A and be will be the forces that are acting on each other at 90°
41
What are the forces exerted in a gravitational field
The object on the earth The earth on the object
42
What are the forces exerted in a gravitational field
The object on the earth The earth on the object
43
What is Newton's First law of motion
The motion (speed and direction) of an object does not change when the resultant force is not zero (Law of inertia)
44
What is inertia
The measure of how difficult it is to change an objects velocity
45
What is equilibrium
An object is in equilibrium if all the forces cancel - the resultant forces is zero
46
What is Newton's second law
F = ma
47
What happens if the resultant force is not 0
There is motion
48
What happens to objects that move in a circle
A force is exerted to the center of a circle on an object The object is constantly changing direction so velocity and acceleration change
49
What is terminal velocity
The velocity an object reaches when the resultant force is 0
50
How do you explain the motion of objects when the forces are at an angle
All objects on earth have weight Ensure all forces have an angle in the opposite direction.
51
How do you explain the falling momentum of objects
As an object falls it has one force applying to it - gravity Then it has two forces gravity and drag Both of these increase until they are at equilibrium
52
What is momentum
Mass × velocity
53
What is the law of conservation of momentum
In any interaction or collision momentum before = momentum after
54
What is elastic collision
A collision in which kinetic energy is conserved E.g A moving red ball has an elastic collision with a stationary blue ball, it will stop and the energy is transferred to the blue ballsl
55
What is an inelastic collision
A collision in which kinetic energy is not conserved E.g when two snooker balls collide energy is transferred to a thermal store
56
What is work
The transfer of energy Done against gravity or friction. Calculated by multiplying force and distance
57
How do you calculate work done
Force × distance
58
Why are joules equal to newton meters
1N = 1kgm/s^2 (force causing 1kg to accelerate at 1m/s^2) 1Nm = 1kgm/s^2 × m 1Nm = 1kgm^2/s^2
59
What is power
The rate energy is transferred
60
How do you calculate power
Power = work done ÷ time
61
What does it mean if a material is plastic
Does not return to its original shape when a force is removed
62
What does it mean if a material is elastic
A material that returns to its original shape after having a force applied to it
63
What happens when you stretch a spring
It can return to its original form but has a limit
64
What is an elastic limit
The furthest distance a spring can return to its original length after having a force applied
65
What is Hookes Law
Below the elastic limit: The extension is proportional to the force
66
How do you calculate the force exerted on a spring
Constant × extension F = k×m
67
What does the spring constant tell you
How easy or hard it is to stretch a spring
68
How do you calculate energy transferred in stretching
Similar to kinetic energy equation 1/2 contant ÷extension^2 1/2 kx^2
69
What is the extension of a spring
Its increase in size from an original length
70
What happens when you stretch other materials like an elastic band
There is a non linear relationship between force and extension The extension increases differently each time when the force increases As they are elastic they return to their original position
71
How do some materials return to their original shape (e.g tennis rackets)
All objects store energy when they deform Scientists developed materials that transfer the energy back when they regain their shape
72
What is a gravitational field
A region where mass experiences an attractive force
73
How to calculate the gravity force (weight)
Mass × gravitational field strength
74
What is the gravity constant
Another term for gravitational field strength
75
What increases the size of a force in a gravitational field
The mass of an object or the field is greater The distance between the object and field is smaller
76
What is weight
Weight is what we call the force of the Earth on an object It is equal to mass × gravitational field strength
77
What is the gfs on earth
10N/Kg
78
What is acceleration due to gravity
It is normally taken as 10m/s^2 (9.8m/s^2)
79
How do you calculate the size of a resultat force in a gravitational field
Mass × acceleration due to gravity
80
What is gravitational potential energy
The energy transferred to the gravity store when you lift a box in a gravitational field
81
How do you calculate gravitational potential energy
Mass × height × gravitational field strength
82
What is a pivot
The point at which a force produces a turning effect
83
What is a moment
The turning effect of a force
84
Is it easier or harder to produce a turing force close or further away to an object
Futher away
85
How do you calculate the moment of a force
Force × distance Moment is measured in Nm
86
What is the principle of moments
An object is balanced if the clockwise and anticlockwise moments are equal
87
What is a lever
A rod (or other) that wont bend with a pivot A force applied at one end produces a force in the opposite direction at the other end It is used to produce rotational forces
88
What is a force multiplier
A factor that increases the effectiveness of a force
89
What is effort (levers)
The force you exert on a lever
90
What is load
The force the lever exerts on the loasb
91
How does the distance of the pivot and load effect the effort needed
The closer the pivot to the load the smaller the effort needed
92
What is mechanical advantage
The ratio of effort to load
93
How do you calculate mechanical advantage
Load ÷ effort
94
How do gears transmit forces
The ratio of the diameter of each cog tells you the ratio of effort to load Cogs can be used to change direction of a rotating force, or the speed it acts at
95
How does the number of teeth on a cog effect its rotations per minute
The less teeth it has the smaller its diameter So more rotations are made per minute
96
How does pressure in a fluid cause a force
It produces a force 90° to any surface Pressure acts from all sides not just abobe
97
What is the equation for pressure
Pressure = force normal to the surface ÷ area
98
What is a hydraulic machine
A machine that uses liquid to transmit a force
99
How do simple hydraulic machines work
A piston (similar to a syringe) has a small force exerted on it, causing the area to decrease This decrease of area increases the pressure of another. This is transmitted to the other end and the pressure increase causes a larger force to be exerted The pressure throughout the whole system is the same at any given time The second piston has a greater surface area - allowing for a greater force
100
How do you calculate momentum
P = mv Momentum is in kgm/s
101
How do you calculate force from momentum
Force = ∆p ÷ t

Physics (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions