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GCSE OCR Gateway Physics > P2 > Flashcards

P2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How does friction work?

A

driving force = friction force ; steady speed
driving force > friction force ; accelerate
driving force < friction force ; decelerate

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2
Q

How can moving vehicles and falling objects reach a terminal velocity?

A
  1. driving force > friction force
  2. Resistance is directly proportional to the velocity of the object
  3. Acceleration is decreased until friction = driving force
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3
Q

How are cars designed to have less drag?

A

Streamlined.

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4
Q

What is Inertia?

A

The measure of how difficult it is change an object’s velocity.

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5
Q

What is Inertia dependent on?

A

The mass of the object. Larger the mass, larger the Inertia, harder it is to change the velocity of an object.

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6
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law?

A

Reaction forces are equal and opposite.

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7
Q

What is a vector?

A

It has size and direction.

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7
Q

What is a vector?

A

It has size and direction.

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8
Q

What is a vector?

A

It has size and direction.

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9
Q

What causes a change in Momentum?

A

Resultant force causes it to accelerate.
Acceleration is change in velocity over time,
so: force = mass x change in velocity / time
Mass x change in velocity = change in momentum

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10
Q

Calculate the momentum of a 220,000 kg aeroplane that is travelling at 250m/s.

A

220,000 x 250 = 550,000,00 kg m/s

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11
Q

Calculate the force a tennis racket has to apply to a 58g tennis ball to accelerate it from rest to 34m/s in 11.6 ms.

A

Convert units: 58g -> 0.058kg, 11.6ms -> 0.0116
Change in momentum: (0.058 x 34) - (0.058 x 0) = 1.972
Force: 1.972 / 0.0116 = 170N

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12
Q

What does the conservation of momentum mean?

A

Momentum Before = Momentum After

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13
Q

Ball A has a mass of 0.08kg while Ball B has a mass of 0.36kg. Ball A moves towards Ball B at 9m/s in the same direction which Ball B moves at 3m/s.
The two balls collide. Ball A stays stationary and Ball B moves away. Calculate the velocity of Ball B after the collision.

A

Total momentum before: momentum of ball A and B
= (0.08 x 9) + (0.36 x 3) = 1.8 ,, because before = after
Total momentum after = 1.8 / 0.36 = 5m/s

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14
Q

What are elastic collisions?

A

Total energy in the kinetic energy stores of objects are same before and after collisions. (Energy is conserved)

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15
Q

What is an inelastic collision?

A

Some of the energy in the kinetic energy stores are transferred to other stores. (e.g by heating or sounds)

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16
Q

A 2kg trolley travelling at 1.5m/s collides with a 3kg stationary trolley. They move away together at constant speed. Find the final velocity of the two trolleys.

A

(2 x 1.5) + (3 x 0) = 3kg m/s

3/ (2+3) = 0.6 m/s

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17
Q

How do you calculate gravity force?

A 
Gravity force (N) = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength, g (N/kg)
W = m x g
18
Q

Calculate the weight of a 70 kg mass on Earth?

A

70 x 10 = 700N

19
Q

What is the weight of a 2kg chicken both on the Earth

g = 10N/ kg),, and on the moon (g= 1.6N/ kg

A 
Earth = 2 x 10 = 20 N
Moon = 2 x 1.6 = 3.2 N
20
Q

How do you calculate gravitational potential energy?

A 
PE = mhg
potential energy(J) = mass(kg) x height (m) x gravitational field strength,g (N/kg)
21
Q

When would an object have energy in its gravitational potential energy store?

A

When an object is at any height above the Earth’s surface.

22
Q

Under what circumstance does an object have energy in its kinetic energy store?

A

When an object is moving.

23
Q

What is the formula to calculating kinetic energy?

A 
KE = 0.5mv^2
Kinetic energy (J) = 0.5 x mass (kg)  x speed (m/s)^2
24
Q

What is the equivalent to the amount of work done?

A

Energy transferred.

25
Q

What is the formula to calculate the amount of work done?

A

W = F x d

26
Q

What is the definition of power?

A

The rate of doing work.

27
Q

What is the formula of power?

A

P = W/ t

Power (W) / work done (J) / time (s)

28
Q

A book sliding across a table has 1.25 J of energy in its kinetic energy store. Friction from the table provides a constant force of 5N. Calculate the distance travelled by the book before it stops.

A

W = F x d

1.25 / 5 = 0.25 m

29
Q

What is an elastic deformation?

A

When an object returns to its original shape after the forces are removed.

30
Q

What is the formula for extension?

A

F = xk

Force exerted by a spring (N) = extension (m) x spring constant (N/m)

31
Q

What happens after the object reaches the limit of proportionality and continues to increase?

A

The object starts to deform plastically and won’t spring back to its original shape.

32
Q

A spring has a natural length of 0.32 m. When a force of 10N is applied to the spring, it’s length becomes 0.40 m. Calculate the spring constant if the spring.

A

10/ (0.40 - 0.32) = 125 N/m

33
Q

What is the equation for the energy stored in an object’s elastic potential energy?

A

E = 0.5kx^2

Energy transferred in stretching (J) = 0.5 x spring constant (N/m) x extension^2

34
Q

What is a moment?

A

The turning effect of a force.

35
Q

What is the formula for moment of a force?

A

M = F x d

Moment of a force (Nm) = force (N) x distance (m)

36
Q

How could you get the maximum moment?

Explain how it works.

A

Push at right angles (90 degrees). Pushing at any other angle means a smaller moment because the perpendicular distance between the line of actions and the pivot is smaller.

37
Q

What do levers act as?

A

Force multipliers.

38
Q

How do levers work?

A

They increase the distance from the pivot that the force is applied, so less input force is needed to get the same moment.

39
Q

What is the formula to calculate input force?

A

Input force/ output force =

distance of output force from pivot/ distance of input force from pivot

40
Q

What are the use of gears?

A

They fit together to transfer turning effects.

41
Q

How could you calculate pressure?

A

P = F/A

Pressure (Pa) = force normal to a surface (N)/ area of that surface (m^2)

42
Q

Why are liquids incompressible?

A

Force applied to the water is transmitted to other parts.

43
Q

How do hydraulic systems work?

A

They are used as force multipliers- use a smaller force to create a bigger force with pistons.

GCSE OCR Gateway Physics (4 decks)

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