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Physics > P1A , P1B, P1C (physical quantities, motion & mass weight density) > Flashcards

P1A , P1B, P1C (physical quantities, motion & mass weight density) Flashcards

1
Q

Average speed formula- why?

A

Total distance/Total time

becayse speed is not constant throughout

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2
Q

Scalar

A

-Speed
-Distance
-Time

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3
Q

Vector

A

-Velocity
-Displacement
-Accelaration

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4
Q

vector

A

takes into consideration direction

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5
Q

scalar

A

magnitude

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6
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate of change of velocity

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7
Q

formula for acceleration

A

change in velocity/change in time

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8
Q

calculate the average speed of a motor car that travels 500 meters in 20 seconds.

A

25m/s

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9
Q

what formula is used to calculate speed?

A

Speed= Distance/time

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10
Q

Difference between speed and velocity

A

Speed is simply the rate at which an object covers a distance (scalar)

While Velocity measures speed in a specific direction. (vector)

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11
Q

What does a minus or plus sign mean with velocity

A
  • = Going the opposite direction
    + = moving in the positive direction. (right or up or left or down depends on the context)
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12
Q

What does a straight line on a DT graph mean

A

That the object has paused

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13
Q

What does a curve mean on a DT graph

A

acceleration

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14
Q

what does diagonal straight incline mean on DT

A

Constant speed

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15
Q

What is acceleration

A

Acceleration is the rate at which an object’s velocity changes over time.

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16
Q

How is acceleration shown on a DT graph

A

A smooth curve

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17
Q

how can acceleration be calculated

A

change in velocity/time taken

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18
Q

Horizontal line on a VT graph

A

steady speed

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19
Q

Straight diagonal line on a VT graph

A

steady acceleration

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20
Q

Curve on a VT graph

A

A curve on a VT graph indicates changing acceleration

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21
Q

How do you find distance from a VT graph

A

The area under a VT graph gives the distance because Distance =speed x time

(make sure unit is consistent)

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22
Q

What happens when you drop an object

A

Gravity acts on the object and causes it to accelerate.

This acceleration of free fall g is constant for a body near the earth, acts downwards and has a value of approximately 9.8m/s^2

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23
Q

unit for acceleration

A

m/s^2

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24
Q

How can you tell from a distance time graph whether the object is moving away from you or toward you?

A

If the distance is increasing (the graph slopes upward), the object is moving away from you.

If the distance is decreasing (the graph slopes downward), the object is moving toward you.

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25
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate (how quickly) of change of velocity.

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26
Q

Acceleration formula

A

change in velocity/ time taken

a= (v-u)/t

v= final velocity in m/s
u= starting velocity in m/s
t= time taken s

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27
Q

calculate the acceleration of a car that travels from 0m/s to 28 m/s in 10 seconds

A

2.8m/s^2

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28
Q

As a stone falls it accelerates from 0m/s to 20m/s in 2 seconds. calculate its acceleration and state unit.

A

10m/s^2

29
Q

A racing car slows down from 45m/s to 0 m/s in 3 seconds. Calculate the acceleration

A

-15m/s^2- final velocity=0 - initial velocity 45 -45/3= -15

30
Q

How do you calculate acceleration from a speed time graph

A

the gradient of a speed-time graph

31
Q

How do you find distance from a speed-time graph

A

the area beneath the graph

always make sure the units are consistent

32
Q

Two runners complete a 400m race. Athlete A takes 50s and athlete B takes 64s
calculate the average speed of each runner

A

8m/s and 6.25 m/s

33
Q

What is the vector version of these:
-speed
-distance

A

-velocity
-displacement

34
Q

What does a steep slope on a distance-time graph represent?

A

The object is moving quickly. The steeper the slope, the faster the object is moving.

35
Q

How can you determine the speed of an object from a distance-time graph?

A

Speed is the gradient (slope) of the line. A steeper slope means a higher speed.

36
Q

What does a curved line on a distance-time graph mean about the object’s motion?

A

The object’s speed is changing, meaning it’s either accelerating or decelerating.

37
Q

What does a horizontal line on a velocity-time graph represent?

A

The object is moving at a constant velocity.

38
Q

What does a negative slope on a velocity-time graph suggest?

A

The object is decelerating (slowing down).

39
Q

What does a horizontal line on a velocity-time graph represent?

A

The object is moving at a constant velocity.

40
Q

Mass (scalar)

A

How much material is present in the object (g,kg etc.)

41
Q

Weight (vector)

A

force on the object due to gravity (N)

42
Q

velocity

A

rate of change of displacement (distance travelled) (m/s)

43
Q

Weight formula

A

m (mass) x g (gravitational field strength)

44
Q

gravitational field on earth

A

9.8

45
Q

mass is a property that _____ change in motion

A

resists

46
Q

how do you find the mass of something?

A

The most accurate way is with a balance.

The balance is level when the forces pulling down both sides are the same.

47
Q

How do you find the weight of something?

A

A spring balance:

-The top of the spring is hung from a hook

-The scale can then be adjusted so that the pointer is aligned

48
Q

Gravity is an _____ , _______ force

A

attractive, non contact

49
Q

What is gravitational force

A

acceleration due to gravity

50
Q

why does a heavier object fall faster than a lighter object

A

due to air resistance or water resistance

51
Q

Terminal velocity

A

The constant speed that a falling object reaches because the force of gravity is balanced by air resistance.

52
Q

field strength

A

N/kg

53
Q

what is density

A

how much mass is in 1m^3 or 1cm^3 of an object

54
Q

formula for density

A

ρ=m/v.

mass/volume.

55
Q

density of water

A

1g/cm^3

56
Q

what happens when the density of an object is less than the fluid

A

it floats

57
Q

what happens when the density of an object is more than the fluid

A

it sinks- upthrust is less than weight

58
Q

what happens when objects fall in a vacuum

A

there is no air resistance or liquid resistance so the only force acting on them is the force of weight.

59
Q

what is a vacuum

A

space that contains no matter

60
Q

force formula

A

mass x acceleration

61
Q

What is upthrust

A

the force that pushes upwards on an object submerged in a liquid.

62
Q

what direction does upthrust always act in

A

opposite direction to the object’s weight force

63
Q

The ________ the object the _________ the upthrust

A

denser greater

64
Q

what does an object floating say about the upthrust

A

it is equal to the weight.

65
Q

what does the size of upthrust depend on

A

the density of the fluid

The volume of fluid pushed aside (equal to the volume of the object)

66
Q

how do you calculate the density of a regularly shaped object

A
  1. Measure the mass:

Use a balance or scale to find the object’s mass in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).

  1. Find volume by finding length, width, height

mass/volume

67
Q

how do you calculate the density of an irregularly shaped object

A
  1. measure mass
  2. measure volume- measure the original volume of water then
  3. submerge the object in the water completely, ensuring it’s fully underwater

4.Measure the new water level. The increase in water level shows the volume of the object. Final water level - Initial water level

  1. mass/volume
68
Q

what can be certain flaws in calculating the density of an irregularly shaped object

A

-The water level may not be read accurately.
-The object might not be fully submerged, leading to incorrect displacement.

69
Q

what does resultant force= 0 look like on a vt graph

A

horizontal line- acceleration=0

Physics (2 decks)

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