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Physics 1 > P1.3 Waves And The Universe > Flashcards

P1.3 Waves And The Universe Flashcards

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1
Q

How do planets orbits stars?

A

In ellipses.

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2
Q

What is the suns radius and mass?

A

Radius: 696000 km
Mass: 1.99*10(30)kg

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3
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

A collection of billions and billions of stars.

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4
Q

How big is the distances between galaxies?

A

Millions times bigger than the distances between stars.

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5
Q

How do scientists try to get clues about if any other life exists?

A

They use earth based telescopes or remote sensing techniques.

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6
Q

What does SETI stand for?

A

Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence.

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7
Q

What do SETI look for?

A

Narrow bands of radio wavelengths. They then look fo meaningful signals.

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8
Q

In what other ways do scientists look for evidence of life?

A

Spacecraft with probes- they send the data back

Robots- they take photos and collect soil and rock samples

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9
Q

What is a problem with using earth telescopes.

A

The atmosphere absorbs a lot of light from space.

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10
Q

Why is light pollution an issue for detecting stars?

A

Light pollution can make us unable to see dim objects.

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11
Q

Why is air pollution a problem for space observation?

A

Dust particles can reflect and absorb light coming from space.

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12
Q

Why are other types of EM wave telescopes useful?

A

We can see new parts of the universe and learn more about its structure.

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13
Q

What are x-ray telescopes good for?

A

Seeing ‘violent’ events in space eg exploding stars.

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14
Q

What are radio telescopes useful for?

A

They are responsible for the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB radiation).

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15
Q

What doe bigger telescopes provide?

A

Better resolution.

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16
Q

What is a spectrometer?

A

A device that diffracts light given off by telescopes.

17
Q

Why are spectrometers used?

A

To find out what a star is made of.

18
Q

How does a spectrometer work?

A

When the light diffracts, dark lines are where the colours that it emits.

19
Q

How are the dark lines on a spectrometer caused?

A

By light at those wavelengths being absorbed by the elements in the stars being absorbed.

20
Q

What are the dark lines know as?

A

The absorption spectrum.

21
Q

What are bright lines on a spectrometer?

A

The emission spectra. They are caused by extra light being emitted on those wavelengths.

22
Q

What are the stages of a normal stars life?

A 
Nebula
Main sequence star
Red giant
Planetary nebula
White dwarf
23
Q

What is the sequence in a giant stars life?

A 
Nebula
Main sequence star
Red giant
Supernova
Neutron star or black hole.
24
Q

How do stars change from a nebula into a main sequence star?

A

When their own gravity makes the nebula spiral together and the gravitational energy is converted into heat energy so the temperature rises, which starts fusion.

25
Q

How does a star go from a main sequence star to a red giant?

A

When the hydrogen in the core runs out, the star swells and cools.

26
Q

How does a star go from a red giant to planetary nebula to a white dwarf?

A

The red giant becomes unstable and ejects its outer layer of dust and gas as a planetary nebula. This leaves behind a dense, solid core (a white dwarf) which just cools and disappears.

27
Q

How does a star go from a red giant to supernova to a neutron star or black hole?

A

The red giant undergoes more fusion and forms heavier elements. They explode in a supernova. What is left is a very dense neutron star, or if the star was big enough, a black hole.

28
Q

What is red shift?

A

Light from far away galaxies is more shifted towards the red end of the spectrum.

29
Q

Why is red shift important?

A

It provides evidence that the universe is expanding.

30
Q

Why is CMB significant?

A

The big bang theory is the only theory that can provide evidence for CMB,making it the accepted theory at the moment.

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