P1.2 - Change of State Flashcards
define density
mass per unit volume
what is the equation for density?
density = mass(kg)/ volume (m3)
what three factors does density depend on?
- mass of material
- particle arrangement
- volume
explain why the density of a substance in that the solid state is greater than the density of the same substance in the liquid state
- there are more particles in the same volume (solid)
- and so the mass is greater
in a liquid, there are less particles in the same volume
so the mass is less
(leading to a higher density)
why do substances in different matters have different densities?
they have different arrangement of particles
define temperature
the average kinetic energy per particles
is temperature a measure of heat energy?
no, particles do not know heat energy, only kinetic
why does your hand not burn if a spark lands on you?
- the mass of the sparkler is very small
- the total energy stored by all the particles is small
- energy is so little, does not burn you
what does the energy in a thermal store depend on?
- the arrangement of the particles
- how fast they are vibrating or moving
what does the energy needed to raise the temperature of an object depend on?
- type of material
- the mass of the material
- temp rise
what is specific latent heat?
the energy transferred when 1kg of a substance changes state
what equation is required to calculate the change in thermal energy? - when temp change
mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (j/kg C) x change in temperature (C)
what does specific heat capacity show?
the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1oC
why is water good to use in radiators?
because it has a high specific heat capacity, making it resistant to temperature change (so would have a lot of energy to transfer)
- almost 4200J/kg
why are saucepans made with low specific heat capacities?
- as they need to heat up quickly to heat the food