P11: Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of waves?

A

Transverse
Longitudinal

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2
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

A wave for which the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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3
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A wave for which the oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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4
Q

Give two examples of transverse waves?

A

Electromagnetic waves
Seismic s-waves

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5
Q

Give 2 examples of longitudinal waves?

A

Sound waves
Seismic p-waves

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6
Q

What are the 2 parts of a longitudinal wave called?

A

Compressions and rarefractions

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7
Q

What is a wave’s amplitude?

A

The maximum displacement of a point on a wave from its undisturbed position

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8
Q

What is a wavelength?

A

The distance from a point on a wave to the same position on the adjacent wave
Most commonly peak to peak or trough to trough

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9
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of waves that pass a given point each second

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10
Q

What is the unit for frequency?

A

Hertz, Hz

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11
Q

What is meant by a frequency of 200Hz?

A

200 waves pass a given point each second

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12
Q

What is wave speed?

A

The speed at which the wave moves or at which energy is transferred through a medium

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13
Q

What does a wave transfer?

A

Energy

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14
Q

State the equation to calculate wave speed?

A

Wave speed = frequency x Wavelength

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15
Q

What wor is used to describe when a wave bounces off a surface?

A

Reflection

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16
Q

How do sound waves travel through a solid?

A

The particles in a solid vibrate and transfer kinetic energy through the material

17
Q

What are ultrasound waves?

A

Waves which have a frequency higher than the upper limit of human hearing

18
Q

What natural event causes seismic waves to be produced? What types are produced?

A

Esrthquakes
They produce both P-waves and S-waves

19
Q

What type of spectrum do electromagnetic waves form?

A

A continuous spectrum

20
Q

Order the types of electromagnetic radiation from lowest to highest frequency?

A

Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma Rays

21
Q

How do the speed of EM radiation differ in a vacuum and in air?

A

Electromagnetic waves all travel at the same speed in a vacuum and in air

22
Q

What property of waves in different mediums causes refraction?

A

Velocity
Wave speed is slower in denser materials, causing refraction

23
Q

In which direction do waves refract when entering a denser medium?

A

They band towards the normal
The angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence

24
Q

What type of eaves cna be produced by oscillations in an electrical circuit?

A

Radio waves

25
How can radio waves create an alternating current in a circuit?
When radio waves are absorbed, they can induce oscillations in a circuit with the same frequency as the waves themselves
26
Where do gamma rays orginate from?
They originate from changes in the nuclei of atoms
27
What health effects can ultraviolet waves cause?
They can cause skin to age prematurely They can increase the risk of developing skin cancer
28
What health effects can X-rays and Gamma rays cause?
They are ionising radiation so can cause mutations in genes They can lead to increased risk of developing various cancers
29
Give 3 practical uses of infrred radiation?
Electrical heaters Cooking food Infrared cameras
30
Give 2 practical uses for microwave radiation?
Satellite communications Cooking food
31
Give 2 practical uses for radio waves?
Television transmission Radio transmission