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Physics P1 (actual real life) > p1.1-p1.3 > Flashcards

p1.1-p1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which surfaces absorb and emit infra red radiation the most?

A

Black matt surfaces

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2
Q

Which surfaces absorb and emit infra red radiation the least?

A

Light shiny surfaces

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3
Q

What colours absorb the most heat?

A

Dark

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4
Q

What colours reflect the most heat?

A

Light

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5
Q

What are the most efficient radiators made of?

A

Matt black materials

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6
Q

How do solar water heaters work?

A

Water pipes under a black surface
(zig zag pattern to increase SA)
Absorbs radiation from the sun (conduction)
Heats water (convection)
–> Water used for washing or pumped into radiators

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7
Q

Why are water pipes in a solar water heater in a zig-zag pattern?

A

To increase SA

–>Allows more conduction

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8
Q

What is heated water from a solar water heater used for?

A

Washing

Pumped into radiators

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9
Q

What happens to the amount of radiation that an object emits if it is hotter than it’s surroundings?

A

Emits more radiation than it absorbs

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10
Q

what happens to amount of radiation emitted by an object that is colder than its surroundings?

A

Emits less than it absorbs

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11
Q

Define a vacuum

A

A space with no particles

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12
Q

What are the three ways of transferring heat energy?

A

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

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13
Q

What two types of transferring heat energy uses particles?

A

Conduction

Convection

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14
Q

How is the speed of energy transferred by heating changed by the size of the difference in temp between an object and its surroundings?

A

Bigger temp difference=Faster

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15
Q

Which state of particles has the most density?

A

Solids

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16
Q

What state of particles has the most energy?

A

Gases

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17
Q

Use kinetic theory to describe the particles within a solid

A

Particles in a fixed, regular shape
Vibrate in position (only movement)
Strong forces of attraction at a distance
Repulsed when close together (–>so can’t be compressed)
Strong bonds between particles
–> shape is fixed, can’t be compressed

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18
Q

In what state of matter does conduction occur?

A

Solids
Liquids
Gases

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19
Q

What state and type of atom does conduction occur most efficiently?

Why?

A

Metals

Have free electrons

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20
Q

Describe the process of heat energy being transferred by conduction

A 
Particles at one end are heated 
(+KE)
-->Will vibrate (more the more energy recieved)
-->Will knock into other particles
-->Will transfer KE on

–>CREATES CHAIN REACTION–>energy spread through matter

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21
Q

Use kinetic theory to describe why gases are poor conductors

A

In gases: lots of space between particles

–>Less likely to knock into each other and transfer KE

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22
Q

How does double glazing work?

A

Air between two sheets of glass

–>minimises conduction of heat through the glass

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23
Q

Why do particles change state when heated?

A

More energy=more movement

  • ->Eventually: will break free of bonds holding them in a fixed/random position
  • ->BECOMES LESS DENSE AS MOVE AWAY FROM EACH OTHER
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24
Q

Use kinetic theory to explain how particles in a liquid are arranged and how this affects their properties

A

Arranged in random patterns
Medium forces between particles
–>little space between particles (hard to compress)
Have medium amounts of energy
–>Slide past each other (ALWAYS TOUCHING OTHER PARTICLES)
(FLUID)

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25
Use kinetic theory to describe particles in a gas are arranged and how this determines the properties of gases
High energy Weak forces between particles (bonds broken) -->Lots of space between particles (EASY TO COMPRESS) -->Free to move at high energy (WILL FILL A SPACE)
26
In what states of matter does convection occur?
Liquids | Gases
27
Explain the process of convection
Particles at the bottom of a container are heated -->Gains energy-->Becomes less dense-->WIll rise to the top As they move upwards, particles will loose energy -->Become more dense-->Will fall back to the bottom Heated again at the bottom -->CYCLE CONTINUES
28
What common appliances rely on convection currents to heat and cool things?
HEAT Radiators COOL Fridges
29
How is heat energy transferred to solids in order for them to melt?
Conduction
30
How is heat energy transferred to liquids in order to evaporate?
Convection
31
Which method of transferring heat energy out of convection and conduction more efficient?
Convection
32
Can particles in a liquid evaporate below their boiling point?
Yes | -->Individual particles can escape below the point that all particles in the liquid will boil
33
What are the two conditions that alter whether a particle can evaporate below BP?
Particles must be travelling in the right direction Particles must be travelling fast enough to overcome attractive forces of other particles in the liquid
34
What happens to the average KE and speed of particles in a liquid when a particle evaporates? What is the result of this?
Decrease Liquid cools
35
What is condensation
Particles in a gas loosing enough KE and speed that attractive forces pull them closer together, and they change state into a liquid
36
What must happen to particles in a gas in order to condense?
Loose: KE Speed (both depend on KE levels)
37
How do you increase the rate of evaporation?
Increase airflow above the liquid Increase the temp Increase the SA of the liquid Lower density
38
How do you increase the rate of condensation?
Lower airflow Lower temp of gas Lower temp of the surface that the gas touches Increase density
39
State methods used to reduce the transfer of kinetic energy by conduction
Create a vacuum Use good insulators
40
State the only method that can be used to reduce the transfer of heat by convection?
Enclose the liquid/gas | put a lid on
41
State a method of reducing the transfer of heat by radiation
Use silvery surfaces above matt black ones
42
Describe and explain the factors affecting the rate of transfers of heat energy
SA/V -->Bigger=more IR waves can be emitted =transfer quicker TYPE OF MATERIAL -->If object in contact w a good conductor-->heat will be conducted away more easily (as good conductors transfer heat quicker than insulators)
43
What is the effect of more effective methods of insulation in homes?
Will have the largest annual saving
44
What is the equation for payback time?
Initial investment/Annual saving
45
Define payback time
How long it takes for the investment a person has made to be equal to the money they have saved due to that investment
46
What is the use of draught proofing in a house? What is it?
Reduces heat lost to convection Strips of foam secured around doors and windows
47
What is loft insulation? What method(S) of heat loss does this reduce?
Foam squirted into gaps between bricks Reduces convection, conduction and radiation
48
What kind of heat loss does having a thick curtain reduce? How?
Convection and conduction Creates an air gap between room and window
49
How does a hot water tank jacket reduce heat loss and save money? What methods of transferring heat does it reduce?
Covers and insulates hot water tank Conduction and radiation
50
What do U-values show?
How fast heat is transferred through a material
51
What does a low U-value indicate about the insulation of a material?
Better
52
What does specific heat capacity show?
Amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree c
53
What is the rearranged equation to calculate SHC?
Energy/Mass*Temp change
54
What is the SHC of water?
4.2KJ/KgDegreeC
55
What does a high SHC indicate about how good something is at storing heat?
Better than low
56
Why do materials used for heaters have a high SHC?
They can store high amounts of energy without warming up themselves
57
Describe how solar panels work
IR absorbed from sun | Travels into pipes of water-->HEATS
58
What are the advantages of using solar panels?
No pump needed--> Heat will move by convection | IR can be absorbed even in cold weather
59
How do solar cells work?
Absorb Vl from sun | -->Directly produces electricity
60
What are the advantages of using solar cells?
Light can still be harnessed on a cloudy day

Physics P1 (actual real life) (1 decks)

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