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Physics > P1.1 > Flashcards

P1.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hot he hooted an object…

A

…the more infrared radiation it gives out in a given period of time

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2
Q

What are dark, Matt surfaces?

A

Good radiation emitters

Good radiation absorbers

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3
Q

What are light, shiny surfaces?

A

Poor radiation emitter

Poor radiation absorber

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4
Q

What are light, shiny objects good at?

A

Reflecting infrared radiation

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5
Q

What does emit mean?

A

To ‘give out’

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6
Q

What does a does absorb mean?

A

To ‘take on’

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7
Q

What are objects made up of?

A

Particles that are constantly moving

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8
Q

What is a solid?

A

Particles can just vibrate about fixed positions. Solids have a fixed shape.

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9
Q

What is a liquid?

A

Particles move around by stay close together. Liquids can flow.

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10
Q

What is a gas?

A

Particles move fast and have lots of space between them. Gases full a container and can flow.

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11
Q

What happens when a solid is given more energy?

A

They start to move around and become a liquid.

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12
Q

What happens when a liquid is given more energy?

A

The move apart and become a gas

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13
Q

What does the amount of energy a particle has related to?

A

The temperature of the material

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14
Q

Name the ways energy is transferred from one place to another?

A
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Radiation
  • Evaporation
  • Condensation
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15
Q

Describe the process of conduction

A

When the particles in a solid are given more energy the vibrate more. They collide with neighbouring particles, which causes these particles to vibrate more. In this way energy spreads through the solid . In metals there are free electrons that help transfer the energy, making metals good conductors.

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16
Q

Describe the process of convection.

A

When particles in a liquid or gas are given more energy, they move faster and spread out. The density is lower so the hot material rises. It is replaced by the Cool material, so a convection current is set up.

17
Q

Describe the process of evaporation

A

The fastest-moving particles on the surface of a liquid escape as a gas. This is called evaporation. The average energy of the remaining particles is less, so the remaining liquid is cooler.

18
Q

Describe the process of condensation

A

If energy is transferred from particles in a gas the particles will form droplets of liquid. This is called condensation.

19
Q

What does the rate at which energy is transferred to or from the object depend on?

A
  • Material from which the object is made or the material it is packed in. Insulators transfer heat more slowly.
  • The surface are and volume of the object. Greater surface area means faster rate of energy transfer.
  • The properties of the surface of the object. Full, dark surfaces emit or absorb radiation at a higher rate.
20
Q

What is a U-value?

A

U-Values compare how much energy is transferred through materials in a given time

21
Q

The lower the U-Value…

A

…the better the material is as an insulator

22
Q

What kind of U-Value do metals have?

A

Metals have high U-Values

23
Q

What is the specific heat capacity?

A

The specific heat capacity of a material is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of the material by 1 degrees Celsius

24
Q

What is the specific heat capacity equation?

A

E=M x C x feta

25
Q

What does the ‘E’ stand for in the specific heat capacity equation?

A

E is the energy transferred in joules (j)

26
Q

What does the ‘M’ stand for in the specific heat capacity equation?

A

M is the mass of the material in kilograms (kg)

27
Q

What does the ‘C’ stand for in the specific heat capacity equation?

A

C is the specific heat capacity in J/Kg(degrees c)

28
Q

What does feta stand for in the specific heat capacity equation?

A

Feta is the temperature change (in degrees Celsius)

29
Q

What are solar panels?

A

Solar panels are on roofs and they use the Sun’s energy to heat water

30
Q

How do solar panels work?

A

The panels contain pipes. Cold water enters the pipes and is heated up by energy from the sun. This energy passes from the heated water to cooler water in the tank overnight.

31
Q

What does the amount of infrared radiation emitted or absorbed by an object depend on?

A

It’s temperature and its surface

Physics (4 decks)

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