P1.1

Question 1

Macromolecules are ___, built from ____.

Answer 1

Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers.

Question 2

define polymers and monomers.

Answer 2

Polymers are long molecules built up by linking smaller molecules (building blocks) called monomers.

Question 3

There are four important classes of biological molecules:

Answer 3

There are four important classes of biological molecules:
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic acids, Lipids .

Question 4

Carbohydrates are …

Answer 4

Carbohydrates are a source of energy and provide structural support. Large carbohydrates are polymers.

Question 5

Proteins have …

Answer 5

Proteins have a wide range of functions, such as catalyzing reactions and transporting substances into and out of cells.

Question 6

Nucleic acids …

Answer 6

Nucleic acids store genetic information and function in gene expression.

Question 7

Lipids …

Answer 7

Lipids another source of energy, makes up cell membranes among other key functions.

Question 8

Starch is …

Answer 8

Starch is a carbohydrate polymer made of many glucose molecules linked together (or chemical bonds) to form chains of glucose units.

Question 9

polypetides are..

Answer 9

polypetides are amino acid chains

Question 10

Amino acids (the …) are linked …. The amino acid chains in a …

Answer 10

Amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) are linked together through peptide bonds to form amino acid chains (polypeptides). The amino acid chains in a protein molecule are not arranged structurally straight but coiled up to give the protein a distinctive three-dimensional shape.

Question 11

Nucleic acids are made up of ________ called __________

Answer 11

Nucleic acids are made up of monomers called nucleotides.

Question 12

Nucleotides are made up of three components:…

Answer 12

Nucleotides are made up of three components: a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate functional group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides are linked together between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of a second nucleotide. In the process, a sugar – phosphate backbone is formed, linking the nucleotides together.

Question 13

Nucleotides are linked together between …

Answer 13

Nucleotides are linked together between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of a second nucleotide. In the process, a sugar – phosphate backbone is formed, linking the nucleotides together.

Question 14

DNA is a … where the sugar is …., and the four nitrogenous bases are …

Answer 14

DNA is a nucleic acid where the sugar is deoxyribose, and the four nitrogenous bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

Question 15

Lipids contain less ______ in proportion to _____-compared to carbohydrates. Lipids can be split into ______and _______ by a process called _______

Answer 15

Lipids contain less oxygen in proportion to hydrogen compared to carbohydrates. Lipids can be split into fatty acids and glycerol by a process called hydrolysis.

Question 16

Large carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, also known as _______ for their huge size, are chain-like molecules called polymers. However, lipids …

Answer 16

Large carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, also known as macromolecules for their huge size, are chain-like molecules called polymers. However, lipids are not polymers or macromolecules.

Question 17

In cells, the process of making polymers (_______), are facilitated by ______, which can speed up …

Answer 17

In cells, the process of making polymers (polymerization), are facilitated by enzymes, which can speed up chemical reactions.

Question 18

A condensation reaction connects two units (either monomer or polymers) with the loss of a small molecule. The reaction is repeated to form larger polymers. This can be reversed, adding a small molecule to break the previous bond and revert to the smaller units.

Answer 18

A condensation reaction connects two units (either monomer or polymers) with the loss of a small molecule. The reaction is repeated to form larger polymers. This can be reversed, adding a small molecule to break the previous bond and revert to the smaller units.

Question 19

A condensation reaction involving water removal is called a __________

Answer 19

A condensation reaction involving water removal is called a dehydration reaction.

Question 20

While a polymer disassembly by adding water is called _______

Answer 20

While a polymer disassembly by adding water is called hydrolysis.

Question 21

A cell has thousands of different _________. Only ____ to _____ common monomers build a huge variety of ______. This is possible by modifying the arrangements of these monomers to form sequences that make up the different carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids in cells.

Answer 21

A cell has thousands of different macromolecules. Only 40 to 50 common monomers build a huge variety of polymers. This is possible by modifying the arrangements of these monomers to form sequences that make up the different carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids in cells.