P1: The development of Imperialism

Question 1

What were some of the main resources traded from Africa to the Empire in the1800’s?

Answer 1

Cattle, cereals, iron, coal and timber.

Question 2

What was the cycle of dependency?

Answer 2

As the British experienced industrial development, they depended on African resources which they would sell back to Africa

Question 3

When did this particularly come into play?

Answer 3

The Great Europe Depression of 1873 -1896

Question 4

Examples of merchant-imperialists

Answer 4

George Goldie and Cecil Rhodes

Question 5

What were the role of early explorers in Africa?

Answer 5

Tracing waterways, publishing findings, map production and spreading stories.

Question 6

What was established at the Cape?

Answer 6

A colony

Question 7

What did this colony do?

Answer 7

Protected the sea route to the Middle East, China, Australia and India.

Question 8

What are missionaries?

Answer 8

Groups of religious speakers preaching religion to non-religious believers

Question 9

How did missionaries view the empire?

Answer 9

As a way to civilise heathens

Question 10

Example of a missionary and explorer

Answer 10

David Livingstone

Question 11

1868 Basutoland, 1884 Somaliland, 1879 Zululand, 1885 Bechuanaland

Answer 11

Protectorate established

Question 12

1873 Griqualand, 1888 Gambia

Answer 12

Settlement established

Question 13

1877 Transvaal

Answer 13

Occupied

Question 14

1882 Egypt and Sudan

Answer 14

Occupation established client state

Question 15

1884 Southern Nigeria, 1885 Northern Nigeria, 1888 British East Africa, 1888 Uganda

Answer 15

Chartered company rule

Question 16

From 1857 - 1890, what was the British doing?

Answer 16

Being more reactive to other powers such as France than seeking land

Question 17

What did the British do to define areas of control where traders were?

Answer 17

Created companies such as The Niger Company and British East Arica Company/South Africa Company to implement claims and ensure protection.

Question 18

Where did the Empire really focus on between 1857 - 1890?

Answer 18

Egypt

Question 19

When did British interest in Egypt birth?

Answer 19

During the American Civil War where Egyptian cotton attracted the British

Question 20

What percentage of imports were British into Egypt?

Answer 20

40%

Question 21

Who was Isma’il Pasha?

Answer 21

The Khedive in 1863

Question 22

What did he do/his views etc.

Answer 22

Believed in modernisation inspired by the Ottomans, irrigation, railways and schools. He also was responsible for the cutting of the Suez Canal

Question 23

How was the canal created? By who?

Answer 23

The French create The Suez Canal Company in 1858 to build the canal

Question 24

Which prime minister invested how much into the canal?

Answer 24

Disraeli invested £4 million pounds

Question 25

What happened to Pasha in 1879?

Answer 25

He was deposed by the Ottoman Sultan due to Anglo-French pressure

Question 26

Who became the new Khedive?

Answer 26

Tewfik

Question 27

What taxes/measurements were introduced in Egypt?

Answer 27

Food tax, reduction of the army

Question 28

What did this lead to?

Answer 28

Increasing unemployment and a nationalist revolt which forced Tewfik to appoint nationalists into government position. This lead to concerns for trade and security of the British in Egypt as well as the canal route to India

Question 29

What happened in 1882 in Egypt?

Answer 29

Political tensions that evoked violence led to Gladstone to interview and bombard Alexandria, Egypt. This led to Arabi Pasha declaring war, but British forces occupied the canal in time which led to the capturing of Cairo and restoring Tewfik as a puppet ruler

Question 30

Who was installed as Consul-General?

Answer 30

Evelyn Baring

Question 31

What did Tewfik had to do?

Answer 31

Rely on the British military wise and policy wise

Question 32

When did Egypt come under official British occupation?

Answer 32

1885

Question 33

What is the administration of Egypt referred to as?

Answer 33

The veiled protectorate

Question 34

What happened in Sudan from 1882?

Answer 34

Gordon was sent to Sudan as the Governor-General, but faced opposition from the Mahdi. The Mahdi created the jihadist army and attempted liberation of Sudan. By 1882, they had taken control of everything surround the Khartoum. Hicks deployed an attack against the jihadist army but was killed off, while Gladstone ordered Gordon to evacuate British/Egyptians from Sudan. However, those defending the Khartoum were killed and Gladstone refused to retaliate.

Question 35

When did the next attempt at occupying Sudan occur?

Answer 35

1896