P1 Study Deck

Question 1

Study of how bodily mechanisms can differentiate between self and nonself and eliminate those components that are deemed to be nonself

Answer 1

Immunology

Question 2

Study of the body’s defense against infection

Answer 2

Immunology

Question 3

Study of serum

Answer 3

Serology

Question 4

The state or condition of being resistant to infection / ability to ward off infections

Answer 4

Immunity

Question 5

2 general types of immunity

Answer 5

Innate and adaptive

Question 6

Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 6

Bone marrow and thymus

Question 7

Secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 7

Spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic nodules (follicles)

Question 8

Are the sites of stem cell division and become immunocompetent

Answer 8

Primary lymphoid organs

Question 9

Refer to the areas where the majority of the immune responses take place

Answer 9

Secondary lymphoid organs

Question 10

Also known as peripheral lymphoid organs

Answer 10

Secondary lymphoid organs

Question 11

Sites of lymphocyte activation by antigen

Answer 11

Peripheral lymphoid organs

Question 12

Fluid that carries antigen taken up by the dendritic cells and macrophages to the lymph nodes

Answer 12

Lymph

Question 13

Cell-mediated immunity where T cells respond to the infected cells

Answer 13

Cellular immunity

Question 14

Antibody-mediated immunity where B cells respond by secreting antibodies against a specific antigen

Answer 14

Humoral immunity

Question 15

Categories of immune system

Answer 15

Natural or Innate Immunity
Adaptive or Acquired Immunity

Question 16

Immunity wherein humans can naturally evade and fight off infections by natural means: present at birth; nonspecific; nonadaptive

Answer 16

Innate Immunity

Question 17

Immunity that does not require prior encounter to pathogens

Answer 17

Innate immunity

Question 18

Immunity that is not present at birth and is developed during a person’s lifetime

Answer 18

Adaptive or Acquired Immunity

Question 19

Category of immunity where the reaction depends on the antigen ut encounters

Answer 19

Adaptive or Acquired Immunity

Question 20

The mechanisms of ______ immunity provide the initial defense against infections.

Answer 20

Innate immunity

Question 21

Element of innate immunity that is designed to protect the body from infectious agents by structural barriers, secretions, and growth of microorganisms.

Answer 21

External Defense System

Question 22

Examples of external defense system of innate immunity

Answer 22

Physical / anatomical barriers
Normal Flora

Question 23

Examples of physical or anatomical barriers in innate immunity

Answer 23

Skin, mucus membrane, secretions

Question 24

Examples of normal flora used in innate immunity

Answer 24

S. epidermidis (skin) and L. acidophilus (vagina)

Question 25

Element of Innate immunity where cells like WBCs and antibodies are the major factors

Answer 25

Internal Defense System

Question 26

Examples of internal defense system of innate immunity

Answer 26

Cellular factors, humural factors, inflammation

Question 27

Elements of acquired immunity

Answer 27

Cellular (B & T lymohocytes) Humoral (antibodies & cytokines)

Question 28

Are protein inflammation markers that is increased during inflammation, infection, injury, / trauma by at least 25%

Answer 28

Acute-phase reactants

Question 29

Acute-phase reactant that functions in opsonization and complement activation

Answer 29

C-reactive protein

Question 30

Acute-phase reactant: removal of cholesterol

Answer 30

Serum amyloid A

Question 31

Acute-phase reactant: protease inhibitor

Answer 31

Alpha-antitrypsin

Question 32

Acute-phase reactant: clot formation

Answer 32

Fibrinogen

Question 33

Acute-phase reactant: Binds hemoglobin

Answer 33

Haptoglobin

Question 34

Acute-phase reactant: binds copper and oxidizes iron

Answer 34

Ceruloplasmin

Question 35

Acute-phase reactant: opsonization, lysis

Answer 35

Complement C3

Question 36

Acute-phase reactant: complement activation

Answer 36

Mannose-binding proteins

Question 37

Also called polymorphonuclear neutrophil; 2-5 lobes: primary granules are azurophilic granules

Answer 37

Neutrophil

Question 38

Process that allows the neutrophil to pass through the intact capillary walls into surrounding body tissues

Answer 38

Diapedesis

Question 39

Chemical messengers that are responsible for the migration of the cells into a particular direction

Answer 39

Chemotaxins

Question 40

WBC that fights off against parasitic infections and allergic reaction

Answer 40

Eosinophil

Question 41

This cell can also suppress basophil reaction

Answer 41

Eosinophil

Question 42

Smallest granulocyte involved in type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 42

Basophil

Question 43

A connective tissue cell of mesenchymal origin and resembles basophils but larger

Answer 43

Mast cell

Question 44

By binding to IgE, also plays role in hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 44

Mast cell

Question 45

Mononuclear cell, largest cell among the peripheral blood; horseshoe shaped appearance; ground glass cytoplasm

Answer 45

Monocyte

Question 46

Process by which a cell engulfs a particle

Answer 46

Phagocytosis

Question 47

Main steps of phagocytosis

Answer 47

Physical contact Formation Fusion Digestion

Question 48

Occurs in activated phagocytes, which rapidly release a large amount of reactuve oxygen species (ROS)

Answer 48

Respiratory / Oxidayive Burst

Question 49

A vesicle formed within a phagocyte in which matter is retained in the process of phagocytosis

Answer 49

Phagosome

Question 50

A cytoplasmic structure that is formed by the union of phagosome and ingested particle with a lysosome having hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 50

Phagolysosome

Question 51

Is the body’sc cellular and vascular responses to injury or invasion by an infectious agemt

Answer 51

Inflammation

Question 52

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 52

Calor Tumor Rubor Dolor Functio laesa

Question 53

Calor means

Answer 53

Heat production

Question 54

Tumor means

Answer 54

Swelling

Question 55

Rubor means

Answer 55

Redness

Question 56

Dolor means

Answer 56

Pain

Question 57

Functio laesa means

Answer 57

Loss of function

Question 58

Major events associated with process of inflammation

Answer 58

Increased blood supply, increased capillary permeability, migration of white blood cells, migration of macrophages

Question 59

Is a chemical mediator which are released form an jnjured mast cells that causes dilation of the blood vessel and bring additional blood flow to the affected area, which results in redness & heat

Answer 59

Histamine

Question 60

Largest tissue of the body, source of hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 60

Bone marrow

Question 61

Center for antigen-independent lymphopoeisis

Answer 61

Bone marrow

Question 62

Where B cell maturation takes place

Answer 62

Bone marrow

Question 63

Where T cell maturation takes place

Answer 63

Thymus

Question 64

Functions as a large discriminating filter that removes senescent, damaged cells and foreign antigens

Answer 64

Spleen

Question 65

Main types of splenic tissue

Answer 65

Red pulp and white pulp

Question 66

Splenic tissue that functions to destroy old red blood cells and makes uo more than half of the total volume

Answer 66

Red pulp