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GCSE Physics > P1: Particles > Flashcards

P1: Particles Flashcards

1
Q

What does density describe?

A

How closely packed the particles are in a solid, liquid or gas.

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2
Q

What does all matter contain?

A

Particles,

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3
Q

Describe the layout of particles in a solid.

A

Particles are tightly packed together in a regular structure

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4
Q

Describe the layout of particles in a liquid.

A

Particles are tightly packed but free to move past eachother. Disordered structure.

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5
Q

Describe the layout of particles in a gas.

A

Particles are spread out and move randomly at random speeds.

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6
Q

Describe the movement of particles in a solid.

A

Particles vibrate about fixed positions.

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7
Q

Describe the movement of particles in a liquid.

A

Particles move with random motion throughout the container.

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8
Q

Describe the motion of particles in a gas.

A

Particles move rapidly in all directions at random speeds, frequently colliding with eachother

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9
Q

How do you calculate the volume of a material that is a regular shape?

A

Use a ruler, and times length by width by depth.

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10
Q

What equipment do you use to measure the volume of an irregular object?

A

A eureka can and a measuring cylinder.

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11
Q

What do you use to calculate the volume of a liquid?

A

A measuring cylinder.

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12
Q

What is the process where something turns from a solid to a liquid?

A

Melting.

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13
Q

What is the process where something turns from a liquid to a gas?

A

Boiling/evaporation

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14
Q

What is the process where a gas turns into a liquid?

A

Condensation.

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15
Q

What is the process where a liquid turns into a solid?

A

Freezing.

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16
Q

What is the process where a solid turns into a gas?

A

Sublimation.

17
Q

What two things change when a material is heated or cooled?

A

Change in the chemical potential store of energy, change in the thermal store of energy.

18
Q

What happens when there is a change in the chemical potential store of energy in a material?

A

Chemical bonds between the particles break, form or stretch.

19
Q

What happens when there is a change in the thermal store of energy within a material?

A

The material will heat up or cool down as the particles within it gain or lose speed.

20
Q

What is the internal energy of a system?

A

The total amount of kinetic energy and chemical potential energy of all of the particles in the system.

21
Q

What is internal energy?

A

A measure of the total energy of all the particles in the object or substance. This includes the kinetic energy of the particles and chemical potential energy of the bonds between them.

22
Q

What is temperature?

A

A measure of the average speed of the particles. This is based on the kinetic energy of individual particles.

23
Q

What does a change in temperature of a system depend on?

A

-The mass of the material
-The substance of the material
-The amount of energy put into the system

24
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The amount of energy needed to melt 1kg of a substance.

25
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of something by 1°C

26
Q

What is the latent heat of vaporisation?

A

The amount of energy needed to boil or condense the material at its boiling point.

27
Q

What happens when gas particles collide with something?

A

They exert pressure on it.

28
Q

What is the pressure exerted by a gas directly proportional to?

A

The temperature of the gas at constant volume.

29
Q

What is the term for when a gas takes up more space?

A

Expansion

30
Q

What is the term for when a gas takes up less space?

A

Compression.

30
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and volume?

A

They are inversely proportional.

GCSE Physics (8 decks)

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