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ORTHO RBE > P1 Notes > Flashcards

P1 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Increase in size or number. Purely anatomic

A

Growth

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2
Q

changes that occur as a person develops fron infancy to adulthood

A

PATTERN

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3
Q

physical, cognitive, emotional, and social advancements. physiologic and behavioral

A

Development

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4
Q

refers to the individual differences in the rate and timing of growth among people

A

variability

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5
Q

specific age if stage at which certain development milestones occur

A

timing

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6
Q

refers to the sequential progression of growth from the cephalic region too the caudal region

A

cephalocudal gradient of growth

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7
Q

a simplified graphical representation that shows the typical growth pattern of different body parts during childhood

A

scammon’s curve

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8
Q

what are the 4 major tissue systems of the body when it comes to growty?

A

neural, general tissues, genital, and lymphoid

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9
Q

based on measurements of skulls among human skeletal remains

A

craniometry

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10
Q

measure skeletal dimensions on living individuals

A

anthropometry

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11
Q

measurements and growth studies are done by superimposing , allows the direct measurement of bony skeletal dimensions. Disadvantage, 2D representation of a 3-D structure

A

cephalometric radiography

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12
Q

the use of advanced imaging techniques that capture and display the three dimensional representations of the human body

A

three dimensional imaging

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13
Q

utilize xrays to create detailed cross sectional images of the body.

A

ct scan

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14
Q

uses powerful magnets and radio waves to generate detailed images of the body’s internal structures.

A

mri

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15
Q

increase in cell size

A

hypertrophy

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16
Q

increase in cell number

A

hyperplasia

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17
Q

contributes to the increase in size, independent of the size or number of cell themselves

A

secretion of extracellular materials

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18
Q

the process by which the organic bone matrix becomes filled with calcium phosphate nanocrystals

A

mineralization

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19
Q

direct bone growth

A

intramembranous

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20
Q

indirect bone growth

A

endochondral

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21
Q

growth on the outer surface

A

apposition

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22
Q

growth within the tissue; lengthening

A

interstitial growth

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23
Q

intramembranous bone formation in cranial vault

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal squamous part

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24
Q

1st bones to be formed

A

intramembranous

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25
Q

endochondral, cranial base

A

sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal, and occipital (basilar part)

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26
Q

takes place so that hard tissue is formed, and interstitial growth becomes impossible

A

mineralization

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27
Q

process of shaping and altering bone during growth and development or in response to mechanical and functional demands

A

modeling

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28
Q

continuous process of bone turnover that occurs throughout life, involving the removal and replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue

A

remodeling

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29
Q

Cranio-facial complex divided into 4 areas

A

cranial vault
cranial base
maxilla
mandible

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30
Q

bones that cover the upper and outer surface of the brain

A

cranial vault

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31
Q

open spaces between the bones of the skull seen during birth

A

fontanelles

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32
Q

a condition where there is early fusion of the cranial sutures

A

craniosynostosis

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33
Q

the bony floor under the brain and its the dividing line between the cranium and the face

A

cranial base

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34
Q

centers of ossification, these are bends of cartilage that remain between bones that become centers of ossification

A

synchondroses

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35
Q

a condition where there is a decreased growth of cartilage in the cranial base, resulting in a lack of forward translation of the maxilla

A

achondroplasia

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36
Q

growth sites of cranial base:
intraoccipital synchondroses

A

closes @ 3-5 years old

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37
Q

growth sites of cranial base:
spheno-occipital synchondroses

A

15-20 years old

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38
Q

growth sites of cranial base:
spheno-ethmoidal synchondroses

A

6-7 years old, mostly anterior

39
Q

growth sites of cranial base:
intersphenoidal synchondroses

A

during birth

40
Q

other name of maxilla

A

nasomaxillary complex

41
Q

in maxilla, growth occurs in 2 ways

A

apposition
surface modeling and remodeling

42
Q

maxilla; growth displacement:

A

downward-forward

43
Q

maxilla; deposition of bone at the sutures that connect the maxilla to the cranium and cranial base

A

apposition

44
Q

maxilla; as the maxilla grows downward and forward

A

surface modeling and remodeling

45
Q

area is carried downward and forward along with the rest of the maxilla

A

root of the mouth

46
Q

growth displacement of mandible

A

downward-forward

47
Q

____ covers the surface of the mandible condyle at the _____.

A

cartilage ; temporomandibular joint

48
Q

At what age does the greatest increase in the size of the mandible occur distal to the first molar

A

6

49
Q

trail behind the growth of the jaws before adolescence, then undergo a growth spurt to catch up

A

lips

50
Q

true or false. lip height relatively short during mixed dentition

A

true

51
Q

at what age does nasal bone growth is complete?

A

10

52
Q

theories of craniofacial growth

A

genetic theory
sicher’s theory
scott’s theory
moss’ theory
petrovic’s theory

53
Q

growth is controlled by genetic influence

A

genetic theory

54
Q

sutural growth

A

sicher’s theory

55
Q

growth depends on cartilage and periosteum

A

scott’s theory

56
Q

form follows function

A

moss’ theory

57
Q

servosystem theory

A

petrovic’s theory

58
Q

known as “V” principle of growth

A

enlows

59
Q

most facial bones are?

A

V-shaped

60
Q

deposition; ____
resorption;____

A

deposition; inner side
resorption; outer side

61
Q

3 conditions that merit special attention during this stage

A

premature birth, chronic illness, and nutritional status

62
Q

3 phenomenon in the last 200-300 years related to growth:

A

increase in size in most individuals
lowering of sexual maturation age
secular changes on body proportions

63
Q

growth is faster and mature earlier

A

increase in size in most individuals

64
Q

the average age of girls first menarche has < 1 year

A

lowering of sexual maturation age

65
Q

skull proportions have changed throughout the years

A

secular changes on body proportions

66
Q

the principal physiologic functions of the oral cavity

A

respiration
swallowing
mastication
speech

67
Q

primary determinant of posture of the mandible and tongue

A

respiration

68
Q

infant performs nibbling movements of the lips on the milk ducts to stimulate the muscle to contract and release milk

A

suckling

69
Q

tongue must be placed anteriorly in contact with the lower lip so that the milk is deposited on the tongue, and allow the milk to flow posteriorly into the pharynx and esophagus; disappears after the first year of life

A

infantile swallow

70
Q

common in infants that this posture is usually adopted at rest

A

tongue-to-lower lip position

71
Q

chewing movements of a child typically involve moving the mandible laterally as it opens

A

mastication

72
Q

thumb-sucking habit duration

A

minimum of 6 hours

73
Q

thumb-sucking frequency

A

am & pm

74
Q

thumb-sucking intensity

A

1 room away

75
Q

due to aberrations in the development of the dental lamina

A

natal teeth

76
Q

eruption sequence of primary dentition

A

ABDCE

77
Q
  1. between b & c ; mesial to the primary canine
  2. between C & D; distal to the primary canine
A
  1. Maxillary
  2. Mandibular
78
Q

a radiograph of this provide a view of small bones which have predictable sequence of ossification

A

wrist & hand markers

79
Q

cvm

A

cervical vertebral maturation method

80
Q

represents a person’s level of development

A

developmental age

81
Q

represents the actual time elapsed since birth

A

chronological age

82
Q

a stage of rapid eruption from the time the tooth penetrates the gingiva until it reaches the occlusal plane

A

postemergent eruption

83
Q

distortion of root form

A

dilaceration

84
Q

stage of relatively rapid eruption from the time a tooth penetrates the gingiva until it reaches the occlusal level

A

postemergent spurt

85
Q

very slow eruption; eruption of teeth parallel the growth the jaws

A

juvenile occlusal equilibrium

86
Q

final phase in tooth eruption, during adult life, teeth continue to erupt at an extremely slow rate

A

adult occlusal equilibrium

87
Q

represents the level of dental development

A

dental age

88
Q

represents the actual time elapsed since birth

A

chronological age

89
Q

dental age 6

A

pmnt. man. ci
pmnt. man. fm
pmnt. max. fm

90
Q

dental age 7

A

permanent max. ci
permanent man. li

91
Q

dental age 8

A

permanent max. li

92
Q

dental age 11

A

permanent man. canine
permanent man. 1st pm
permanent max. 1st pm

93
Q

dental age 12

A

maxillary 2nd premolars
maxillary second molars
mandibular second oremolars
mandibular second molars

ORTHO RBE (1 decks)

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