P1 motion, forces, energy

Question 1

What can Energy be stored as?

Answer 1

kinetic, gravitational potential, chemical, elastic (strain), nuclear, electrostatic and internal (thermal)

Question 2

Describe how energy is transferred between stores during events and processes

Answer 2

Mechanical Work: Energy transfer via force causing displacement.

Heat Transfer: Movement of thermal energy from hot to cold.

Radiation: Energy transfer via electromagnetic waves.

Electrical Work: Energy movement through charged particles.

Chemical Reactions: Transforming chemical energy into other forms.

Nuclear Reactions: Conversion of nuclear energy.

Question 3

equation for kinetic

Answer 3

Ek= ½mv(2)
Kinetic energy = half x mass X volume(2)

Question 4

equation for the change in gravitational potential energy

Answer 4

ΔEp = mgΔh
Change in potential energy = mass x gravity x change in height

Question 5

for mechanical or electrical what is work done?

Answer 5

mechanical or electrical work done is equal to the energy transferred

Question 6

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Answer 6

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.

Question 7

Formula for work done

Answer 7

w=fd
work = force x distance

Question 8

what is mechanical work?

Answer 8

a (moving) force moving an object through a distance

Question 9

What is electrical work?

Answer 9

charges moving due to a potential difference

Question 10

What is Heating?

Answer 10

due to (heat) temperature difference caused electrically or by chemical reaction

Question 11

What is Radiation?

Answer 11

energy transferred as a wave, eg light and infrared - the sun emits light radiation and infrared radiation

Question 12

Describe how useful energy may be obtained, or electrical power generated, from fossil fuels

Answer 12

Burned in power plants, heat water to produce steam, which drives turbines connected to generators.

Question 13

Describe how useful energy may be obtained, or electrical power generated, from biofuels

Answer 13

Derived from organic materials, burned directly or converted into fuels like ethanol for energy.

Question 14

Describe how useful energy may be obtained, or electrical power generated, from water, including waves, tides, and
hydroelectric dams

Answer 14

Hydroelectric dams, tidal power, and wave power drive turbines connected to generators using the movement of water.

Question 15

Describe how useful energy may be obtained, or electrical power generated, from geothermal resources

Answer 15

Extracts heat energy from the Earth’s internal heat to drive turbines.

Question 16

Describe how useful energy may be obtained, or electrical power generated, from nuclear fission

Answer 16

Controlled fission in reactors produces heat, which drives turbines to generate electricity.

Question 17

Describe how useful energy may be obtained, or electrical power generated, from light from the Sun (solar cells)

Answer 17

Solar cells convert sunlight directly into electricity, while solar thermal collectors use solar radiation to heat water or fluids.

Question 18

Describe how useful energy may be obtained, or electrical power generated, from wind (wind turbines) including references to a boiler, turbine and generator where they are used

Answer 18

Wind turbines harness kinetic energy from wind to generate electricity via turbine rotation.

Question 19

what is efficiency?

Answer 19

(a) efficiency = useful energy output/total energy input × 100%
(b) efficiency = useful power output/total power input × 100%

Question 20

Power formula

Answer 20

Power = work done / time taken
Power = energy transformed / time taken

Question 21

scaler

Answer 21

has magnitude

Question 22

vector

Answer 22

has magnitude and direction

Question 23

formula for speed

Answer 23

s=d/t
speed = distance/time

Question 24

What is velocity

Answer 24

speed in a given direction

Question 25

What is acceleration

Answer 25

change in velocity per
unit time

Question 26

How do you find Gradient?

Answer 26

Change in vertical axis
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Question 27

What is Gravitational field strength?

Answer 27

gravitational force per unit mass
g = W/m
gravity = weight/mass

Question 28

Define density

Answer 28

mass per unit volume
ρ = m/V
density = mass/volume

Question 29

Describe friction

Answer 29

the force between two
surfaces

Question 30

What is newtons second law?

Answer 30

net force is equal to mass times acceleration
F = ma

Question 31

Define the spring constant

Answer 31

force per unit extension
k=F/x

Question 32

Describe moments

Answer 32

a measure of its turning effect
moment = force × perpendicular distance

Question 33

What is equilibrium?

Answer 33

equal moments on each side/ no resultant force

Question 34

the equation for kinetic energy

Answer 34

Ke=1/mv2

Question 35

the equation for gravitational potential energy

Answer 35

Gpe = mgh