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physics double award cie igcse > P1 motion > Flashcards

P1 motion Flashcards

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1
Q

Difference between speed and velocity

A

Speed is a scalar quantity (only has magnitude/size) while velocity is a vector quantity (has both magnitude/size and direction)

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2
Q

Velocity

A

Describes an object’s direction as well as its speed (vector quantity - has magnitude/size and direction)

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3
Q

Average speed equation

A

Average speed(m/s)= total distance(m)/total time taken(s)

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4
Q

Acceleration equation

A

Acceleration(m/s^2) = change in velocity(m/s)/time taken(s)

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5
Q

Distance-time graph y-axis

A

Distance(m)

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6
Q

Distance-time graph x-axis

A

Time(s)

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7
Q

Distance-time graph straight line

A

Constant speed

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8
Q

Distance-time graph horizontal line

A

Stationary

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9
Q

Speed-time graph y-axis

A

Speed(m/s)

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10
Q

Speed-time graph x-axis

A

Time(s)

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11
Q

Speed-time graph horizontal line

A

Constant speed

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12
Q

Speed-time graph y = 0

A

Not moving/at rest

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13
Q

Acceleration

A

Determines a change in speed

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14
Q

Speed-time graph positive gradient

A

Speed increases with time/acceleration

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15
Q

Speed-time graph negative gradient

A

Slowing down/deceleration

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16
Q

Area under a speed-time graph

A

Distance travelled by an object

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17
Q

Free fall

A

If an object is in freefall, then the object’s weight is the only force acting on it

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18
Q

An object in free fall will…

A

Accelerate at a constant rate due to gravity

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19
Q

Average value for acceleration on Earth due to gravity

A

9.82 m/s^2 but usually rounded up to 10 m/s^2

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20
Q

Falling with air resistance

A
  • Objects falling through the Earth’s atmosphere do not continue to accelerate because air resistance slows them down
  • The force due to air resistance increases as the speed of a falling object decreases
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21
Q

Air resistance

A

A frictional force that opposes the motion of objects moving quickly through the air (caused by particles hitting the object)

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22
Q

Weight

A

The force that acts downwards on an object due to gravity

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23
Q

Distance-time graph in free fall

A

A line curving upwards

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24
Q

Speed-time graph in free fall

A

Straight slanted line

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25
Q

Velocity equation

A

Velocity = displacement/time

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26
Q

Distance

A

How far an object moves (scalar quantity)

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27
Q

Displacement

A

The distance an object moved in a straight line from a starting to a finishing point (vector quantity)

28
Q

Velocity-time graph y-axis

A

Velocity

29
Q

Velocity-time graph x-axis

A

Time(s)

30
Q

Velocity-time graph horizontal line

A

Constant velocity

31
Q

Velocity-time graph y = 0

A

Not moving/at rest

32
Q

Velocity-time graph positive gradient

A

Velocity increases with time/acceleration

33
Q

Velocity-time graph negative gradient

A

Slows down/deceleration

34
Q

Objects that move in a circular path at a constant speed have…

A

Positive acceleration as their direction is constantly changing (also a change in velocity)

35
Q

Gradient of velocity-time graph equals to…

A

Acceleration of the object

36
Q

Area under velocity-time graph

A

Distance travelled

37
Q

Scalar quantity

A

Only has magnitude(size)

38
Q

Vector quantity

A

Has magnitude(size) and direction

39
Q

Distance-time graph gradient

A

Speed/velocity

40
Q

Gradient equation

A

Rise/run

41
Q

Vector quantities

A
  • Displacement
  • Velocity
  • Weight
  • Force
  • Acceleration
42
Q

Scalar quantities

A
  • Speed
  • Distance
  • Temp.
  • Time
  • Energy
43
Q

Mass

A

A measure of the amount of matter an object contains (constant - the same on Earth, the Moon and in space)

44
Q

Weight

A

The gravitational force of attraction on an object caused by the presence of a massive second objects (Earth, Moon)

45
Q

Weight equation

A

Weight(N) = mass(kg) x gravitational field strength(10N)

46
Q

Density equation

A

Density(g/cm^3) = mass/volume

47
Q

Density

A

How packed particles are

48
Q

How to determine the density of an irregularly shaped solid

A

Method: displacement
- Object submerged fully in liquid
- Volume of water that object displaces is the volume of the objects
- Measure the mass of the object on a balance
- Calculate density using equation

49
Q

How to determine the density of a regularly shaped objects

A
  • Measure the volume
  • Measure the mass using a scale
  • Calculate density using equation
50
Q

How to determine the density of a liquid

A
  • Find mass
  • Find volume
  • Calculate density using equation
51
Q

Unbalance forces can change the ___, ___ and ___ of an object

A
  • Direction
  • Speed
  • Shape
52
Q

Balanced forces

A

A pair of forces which are equal in size but opposite in direction
- Stays stationary
- Constant velocity

53
Q

Unbalanced forces

A

When the resultant force on each side is not the same
- Acceleration
- Deceleration
- Change in direction

54
Q

Friction

A

The force between two surfaces which impedes motion and results in heating

55
Q

Resultant force

A

The sum of all forces acting on an object

56
Q

Newton’s second law

A

Resultant force(N) = mass(kg) x acceleration(m/s^2)

F = m x a

57
Q

Extension-load graph y-axis

A

Force

58
Q

Extension-load graph x-axis

A

Extension

59
Q

Hooke’s law

A

Force(N) = spring constant x extension

F = kx

60
Q

Limit of proportionality on extension-load graph

A

The highest stress at which stress and strain are directly proportional (when the spring can no longer return to its original length when masses are removed)

61
Q

Moment equation

A

Moment(Nm) = force(N) x distance from pivot(m)

m = F x d

62
Q

Moment

A

The turning effect of a force

63
Q

A system is in equilibrium when…

A

There is no resultant force and no resultant turning effect

64
Q

Centre of mass

A

The point at which the whole mass of the body is concentrated

65
Q

Effect of the position of the centre of mass on the stability of simple objects

A

If the centre of mass is before the pivot then the object will not fall over but if the centre of mass is after the pivot then it will topple over

66
Q

Pressure equation

A

Pressure(N/m^2) = force(N)/area(m^2)

P = F/A

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