P1 Module 5: Transition Elements:

Question 1

Transition Element:

Answer 1

Forms a stable ion with an incomplete d-sublevel

Question 2

Features of Transition Metals:

Answer 2

Variable oxidation states
Formation of coloured ions
Effective catalysts

Question 3

Complex Ion:

Answer 3

A transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by dative bonds

Question 4

Ligand:

Answer 4

A molecule or ion which donates a lone pair of electrons to the transition metal ion to form a dative bond

Question 5

Dative Bond:

Answer 5

A shared pair of electrons in which one of the bonded atoms provides both electrons for the shared pair

Question 6

Naming Complexes:

Answer 6

1. Ligands first in alphabetical order
2. Numerical prefixes are same as organic
3. Oxidation number of the metal comes at the end
4. If the complex is negative overall the metal ends in -ate

Question 7

Coordination Number:

Answer 7

The number of dative bonds the transition metal ion forms.

Question 8

Coordination Number 2:

Answer 8

Shape: Linear

Bond Angles: 180

Question 9

Coordination Number 4:

Answer 9

Either:
Shape: Tetrahedral
Bond Angles: 109.5
Or:
Shape: Square Planar
Bond Angles: 90

Question 10

Coordination Number 6:

Answer 10

Shape: Octahedral

Bond Angles: 90

Question 11

Name: H20

Answer 11

Aqua

Question 12

Name: NH3

Answer 12

Ammine

Question 13

Name: Cl-

Answer 13

Chloro

Question 14

Name: OH-

Answer 14

Hydroxy

Question 15

Name: SCN-

Answer 15

Thiocyanato

Question 16

Name: CN-

Answer 16

Cyano

Question 17

Ethylene Diamine Ligand:

Answer 17

H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2

Nitrogen provide the lone pairs

Question 18

Ethanedioate Ion Ligand:

Answer 18

OOC-COO

Single bonded oxygen provides lone pair

Question 19

Stereoisomerism:

Answer 19

When there are multiple different monodentate ligands involved in a complex they can be arranged differently

Question 20

Cis:

Answer 20

MA4B2

The two B ligands are next to each other

Question 21

Trans:

Answer 21

MA4B2

The 2 B ligands are directly opposite each other

Question 22

How does cisplatin act as an anticancer drug?

Answer 22

Cisplatin binds to the DNA during replication and interrupts the DNA, causing them to not be able to divide and replicate

Question 23

Optical Isomerism:

Answer 23

The two ways bidentate ligands can be arranged on a metal

Question 24

Reaction with Hydroxide ions:
Copper: Blue
Manganese: Pale Pink
Iron (II): Pale Green
Iron (III): Yellow
Chromium (III): Violet

Answer 24

Change:
Copper: Pale Blue Precipitate 
Manganese: Light Brown Precipitate
Iron (II): Dirty Green Precipitate
Iron (III): Orange/Brown Precipitate
Chromium (III): Grey/Green Precipitate (Excess: Green Solution)

Question 25

Reaction with Ammonia:
Copper: Blue
Manganese: Pale Pink
Iron (II): Pale Green 
Iron (III): Yellow
Chromium (III): Violet

Answer 25

Change
Copper: Pale Blue Precipitate (Excess: Deep Blue Solution)
Manganese: Light Brown Precipitate
Iron (II): Dirty Green Precipitate
Iron (III): Orange/Brown Precipitate
Chromium (III): Grey/Green Precipitate (Excess: Purple Solution)