Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Physics OCR Gateway P1, P2, P4, P5 > P1-Matter > Flashcards

P1-Matter Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards Physics 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

In 1897 what did JJ Thomson discover?

A

He discovered plum pudding model. he figured that atoms weren’t solid spheres and he thought it must contain negatively charged particles. He made the plum pudding model which is a ball of positive ball with electrons embedded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What experiment was conducted by Rutherford, Geiger and Marsden in 1909?
What was the new theory?

A

Gold foil experiment:

  • They shot alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold
  • From plum pudding model they expected most particles to pass through the gold sheet and only some slightly deflected
  • But in reality most of the particles did go through the sheet but some were deflected more than expected and some deflected back which the model couldn’t explain
  • Rutherford came up with the nuclear atom theory where most of the mass is in a tiny positively charged nucleus surrounded by a ‘cloud’ of negative electrons and most is empty space and the ‘cloud’ attracted the nucleus causing it to collapse so it couldn’t have been a ‘cloud’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did Niels Bohr discover

A

Electrons can only exist in shells and the shells have fixed energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the nucleus radius?

A

1 x 10 to the power of -15m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the diameter of an atom

A

1 x 10 to the power of -10m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a electron?

A
  1. 0005 is the Relative mass

- 1 is the charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?

A

1 is the relative mass

+1 is the charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?

A

1 is the relative mass

0 is the charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define density

A

How much mass a substance has, per unit of its volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the density formula?

A

Density = mass ÷ volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How to measure density of a solid?

A
  • Measure mass of a solid using a mass balance
  • If regular solid then find volume
  • If irregular then fill eureka can to be filled with water under the spout. Place a measuring cylinder under the spout then put in the solid, There will be displaced water in the measuring cylinder. This is the volume of water displaced which is equal to the volume of an object
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How to measure density of a liquid?

A
  • Put a measuring on mass and make it 0 then pour in liquid and record the mass.
  • Then see how much there is in the measuring cylinder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three state of matters?

A
  • Solids
  • Liquids
  • Gas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the properties of a solid

A
  • Strong intermolecular forces of attraction hold the particles close together which is fixed
  • Don’t have much kinetic energy so they only vibrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the properties of a liquid?

A
  • Intermolecular forces between particles are weaker
  • The particles are close together but can move past each other and form irregular arrangements
  • They have more energy in kinetic energy stores in the particles than in a solid. They move in random direction at low speed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the properties of a gas?

A
  • Almost no intermolecular forces of attraction between particles
  • Have a lot of kinetic energy so can travel in random directions at high speeds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens to the mass of a substance in a closed system?

A

In a closed system the mass of a substance isn’t affected when it changes state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s the difference between physical and chemical change

A

Physical change is when only the arrangement and energy of the particles are different. If you reverse the state, the particles go back to how they were before.
Wherase, chemical change is when the structure changes and the reaction can’t be reversed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The temperature at which a solid converts into a liquid is called?

A

melting point

20
Q

The temperature at which a liquid converts into a gas is called?

A

boiling point

21
Q

What is internal energy?

A

The total energy stored by the particles making up a substance or system
Internal energy = Kinetic energy + potential energy

22
Q

What happens if you increase the internal energy?

A

The temperature rises

23
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1˚C

24
Q

What is the formula of change in thermal energy?

A

Change in thermal energy (J) = Mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (J/kg˚c) x change in temperature (˚C)

25
Q

How do you find the specific heat capacity of a substance?

A
  • Use a mass balance to measure the mass of the substance
  • For a solid put a metal cylinder and put the object in the hole, then put a thermometer in the hole beside. Put the metal cylinder in a polystyrene cup and add a conducting gel between the heater and metal cylinder Attach the object with wires connecting it with a joulemeter and connecting the joulemeter to the power supply.
  • For a liquid put the liquid in an insulating container and add a thermometre and attach a joulemeter.
26
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The specific latent heat is the energy required to change 1kg of a particular substance from one state to another, without a change in temperature.

27
Q

What is specific latent heat of fusion?

A

The specific latent heat of fusion refers to when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid (or vice versa).

28
Q

What is specific latent heat of vaporisation?

A

The specific latent heat of vaporisation refers to when a substance changes from a liquid to a gas (or vice versa).

29
Q

What is the formula of thermal energy for a change in state?

A

Thermal energy for a change in state (J) = Mass (kg) x specific latent heat (J/kg)

30
Q

Define fluid

A

Liquid or gas

31
Q

What exerts pressure?

A

Solids, liquids and gases

32
Q

Define pressure

A

The collisions of gases cause a net force as they exert a force on the inside surface of the container. The force acting per unit area is the pressure

33
Q

How does changing the temperature change the pressure?

A
  • If you hold a gas in a sealed container with a fixed volume and heat it, there is more kinetic energy so they move faster. This means they hit walls harder and hit each other more often. This creates more pressure
  • If the gas is cooled, the particles have less internal energy and move less quickly which means pressure reduces as particles hit the container walls and each other less frequently with less force
34
Q

How does volume affect pressure?

A
  • The bigger the volume, the smaller the pressure as there will be fewer collisions between the particles and the container’s wall.
  • If you reduce the volume, the particles are more compact and hit the walls more often, this increases the pressure
35
Q

What is the formula for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temprature?

A

Pressure (Pa) x volume (m cubed) = constant

36
Q

What does it mean when the balloon isn’t expanding or contracting?

A

The pressure and force of the gas inside the balloon is equal to the pressure and force of the air outside the balloon pushing inwards

37
Q

How can an flexible object expand or contract?

A
  • If you increase the pressure, the force pushing outwards would be higher than the force pushing inwards causing it to expand.
  • As the object expands, the particles hit less often causes the pressure to decrease. Once the pressure is the same level as atmospheric pressure, it will stop expanding

-The opposite happens when you reduce the pressure. The object would shrink causing pressure to rise which expands the object till the forces are equal

38
Q

How does doing work on a gas increase the temperature?

A

It increases the internal energy and this is transferred to thermal energy which means it gets warmer.
- Like in a bicycle pump the gas exerts pressure on the plunger of the pump. Work needs to be done against this force to push down the plunger. This transfers energy to kinetic energy stores so it increases internal energy therefore the temperature increases as well

39
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The total force of all the air particles constantly colliding with everything, from all sides.

40
Q

What happens to the atmospheric pressure higher up?

A
  • The lower you are, the more atmosphere there is above you so there is higher atmospheric pressure. There are much more particles.
  • But the higher you go the less particles there are. There is less atmosphere above you so the atmospheric pressure lowers
41
Q

Why is the density of the atmosphere get higher as you are closer to sea level?

A

This is because the weight of the air above pushes down on the air below it compressing it.

42
Q

What factors determine the pressure exerted by liquid?

A
  • The depth. At a greater depth, more pressure is exerted.
  • The density of the liquid. More dense liquids exert greater pressure.
  • The gravitational field strength, which is 9.8 N/m on earth.
43
Q

What is the formula for pressure in a liquid?

A

Pressure due to a column of a liquid (Pa) = height of column (m) x density of liquid (kg/m cubed) x g (N/kg)

44
Q

What is upthrust caused by?

A

The pressure on the bottom of the object being greater than the pressure on the top of the object

45
Q

What happens to objects more dense than water. Vice versa.

A
  • Objects which are more dense than the liquid they are in will sink.
  • Objects which are less dense than the liquid they are in will float

GCSE Physics OCR Gateway P1, P2, P4, P5 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions