p1 key terms

Question 1

Amplitude

Answer 1

The maximum disturbance or vibration measured from midpoint

Question 2

Big Bang

Answer 2

The massive expansion that sent all matter outwards signalling the start of the Universe creating space and time

Question 3

Biofuel

Answer 3

A solid, liquid or gas obtained from lifeless or living biological material

Question 4

Condensation

Answer 4

The change of a vapour into a liquid due to particle losing Kinetic energy and coming closer togeter

Question 5

Conduction

Answer 5

The energy transfer in solids without the substance itself moving due to vibrations of particles. In metals it’s caused by movement of free electrons

Question 6

Conductor

Answer 6

A material that readily transfers energy by atomic vibrations or through the movement of free electrons

Question 7

Convection

Answer 7

The energy transfer through movement in liquids and gases due to hooter fluids having a lower density and rising

Question 8

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR)

Answer 8

Electromagnetic radiation that fills the whole universe. It comes from the initial start of the universe

Question 9

Doppler Effect

Answer 9

The change in wavelength or frequency associated with a wave from a moving source

Question 10

Echo

Answer 10

A reflected sound wave

Question 11

Effieciency

Answer 11

The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input expressed as a percentage or decimal number

Question 12

Electrical Energy

Answer 12

Energy of electrical charge or current measured in joules J

Question 13

Energy Transfer

Answer 13

A measure of how much work is done on an object or material

Question 14

Evaporation

Answer 14

The change from liquid into a vapour below the boiling point of the liquid that causes cooling

Question 15

Frequency

Answer 15

The number of cycles or oscillations that occur in 1 second, measured in hertz Hz

Question 16

Infrared Radiation

Answer 16

The transfer of thermal radiation by electromagnetic waves

Question 17

Insulator

Answer 17

A material that doesn’t conduct well

Question 18

Kinetic theory

Answer 18

A theory that explains the physical properties of matter in terms of the movement of particles

Question 19

Longitudinal Wave

Answer 19

A wave where the oscillations are parallel to the direction to energy transfer

Question 20

National Grid

Answer 20

A network of power lines and cables that carries electricity from the power station to the consumer

Question 21

Non-Renewable Energy Source

Answer 21

An energy source that can’t be replaced as fast as it is used

Question 22

Normal Line

Answer 22

The line constructed at 90 degrees to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence

Question 23

Nuclear fuels

Answer 23

Uranium and plutonium used in nuclear power stations to provide the transfer of energy by heat

Question 24

Power

Answer 24

Work done or energy transferred in a given time, units of watts W, power is energy divided by time

Question 25

Red-Shift

Answer 25

The shift in light or other electromagnetic waves to longer wavelengths

Question 26

Renewable energy source

Answer 26

An energy source that can be replaced faster than it is used

Question 27

Sankey Diagram

Answer 27

An energy transfer diagram where the widths of the arrows are proportional to the amount of energy used

Question 28

Sound Wave

Answer 28

Forward and backward vibrations within a material or medium, sound waves are longitudinal waves. It can't travel through a vacuum

Question 29

Specific Heat Capacity

Answer 29

The amount of energy required to change the temperature of 1kg of a material by 1 degree measured in J per kg degrees centigrade

Question 30

Transformer

Answer 30

An electrical device used to change the voltage or potential difference of alternating currents

Question 31

Transverse Wave

Answer 31

A wave where the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

Question 32

U-Value

Answer 32

A measure of the effectiveness of a material as an insulator High U value means it's a poor insulator

Question 33

Wave Equation

Answer 33

An equation that connects frequency and wavelength for waves, wave speed equals frequency x wavelength

Question 34

Wavelength

Answer 34

The distance between two successive peaks or troughs in a wave

Question 35

Radio waves

Answer 35

These EM waves are used to transmit tv and radio programmes

Question 36

Microwaves

Answer 36

These EM waves are used to transmit to and from satellites

Question 37

Ultraviolet

Answer 37

This EM wave causes skin cancer

Question 38

Gamma

Answer 38

This EM wave is used to sterilise hospital equipment