P1: INTRODUCTION TO ENZYMOLOGY Flashcards
It is the study of enzymes that deals with the:
a. Activity of enzymes
b. Chemical reactions it catalyzes
c. Clinical use
Enzymology
Enzymes are ______ that increases the speed of reaction.
Protein catalysts
Enzymes are biologic proteins that catalyzes biochemical reactions WITHOUT, give the 3 reasons.
- Without altering the equilibrium
- Without being consumed
- Without changed in composition
The molecule upon which an enzyme acts.
Substrate
Also known as, “Excess energy”, where its minimum energy required to:
- Start a chemical reaction
- Raise all molecules in 1 mol of a compound at a certain temperature to the transition state at the peak of the energy barrier
Activation Energy
This is the region of the enzyme where substrate molecules BIND and undergo chemical reaction and produces an enzyme-substrate complex.
Active site
Active site are often _____?
water-free cavity
Not a substrate may bind, changing the shape of the enzyme or confirmation, and changing its ability to either become active or inactive
Allosteric site
Give 2 kinds of Allosteric Site. and its function.
- Allosteric inhibitor: IMPAIRS activity of the enzyme
- Allosteric activator: ENHANCES activity of the enzyme
Results when an enzyme is subject to POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
Isoform
This are enzymes existing in DIFFERENT FORMS within the same individual but the SAME ACTION, differentiated from each other based on certain physical characteristics such as:
- Electrophoretic mobility
- Solubility
- Resistance to inactivation
Isoenzyme
This are NONPROTEIN MOLECULE that may be necessary for enzyme activity.
Cofactor
This are INORGANIC COFACTOR that includes Chloride ion and Magnesium ion.
Activator
This are ORGANIC COFACTOR such as Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).
Coenzyme
A coenzyme that is BOUND TIGHTLY to the enzyme.
Prosthetic group
Apoenzyme + Coenzyme = ?
Holoenzyme
Also known as, “Zymogen”, which is the INACTIVE FORM OR PRECURSOR OF ENZYME.
[ADD. INFO] It is then converted to active form when it has reached the site of activity (E.g., Trypsinogen –> Trypsin, Chymotrypsinogen –> Chymotrypsin)
Proenzyme
Term used to describe the ability of an enzyme to CHOOSE EXACT SUBSTRATE from a group of similar chemical molecules. Also, the capacity of protein catalysts to recognize and BIND ONLY 1 OR FEW MOLECULES.
Enzyme Specificity
Enzymes may recognize and catalyze? Name the 3.
- Single substrate (Absolute)
Ex. Urease catalyzes hydrolysis of urea - Group of similar substrates (Group)
Ex. Hexokinase adds a phosphate group to hexoses - Particular type of bond (Linkage)
Ex. Chymotrypsin catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds
