P1 - Immunological concepts, Immune system Flashcards
Role of the immune system
Recognition
=> immune response
=> elimination, immunotolerance, ignorance
2 hyperfunction disease of immune system
autoimmunity, hypersensitivity
1 hyporfunction disease of immune system
immune deficiency cancer
3 Therapeutic approaches for immune diseases
increase - vaccination
inhibition - transplantation
immune modulation - desenzitization
PARTICIPANTS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
-> What is the BIOLOGICAL APPROACH?
What are the 3 types of recognition?
- PAMP recognition
- Native antigen recognition
- Processed antigen recognition
4 Main features of adaptive immune response
- Specificity - The answer is specific to the recognized molecule
- Sensitivity - A very low amount of the specific molecule is enough to trigger an immune response
- Memory
- Selectivity- There is a wide range of preformed receptors, and the cell clone that has the most appropriate receptor for a particular molecule (antigen) is selected
What is Antigen determinant (epitope)?
the part of an antigen that is recognized by the specific antigen receptors (TCR or BCR)
Can 1 antigen have several epitopes?
Yes, One antigen has several epitopes
Is Hapten immunogenic?
No
Is it immunogenic? Why?
Yes, because it has happen + carrier
What are the 2 types of epitopes?
Linear and conformational
What is hematopoiesis
Production of immune cells
How is hematopoiesis occur in BONE MARROW?
3 Features of immune cells
- Dynamic cell composition
- Differentiation
- Morphological and functional categories
Where does Production of immune cells occur?
in primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus)
Where does Differentiation of immune cells occur?
- in peripheral lymphoid organs ( lymph nodes, spleen, skin, mucosa associated lymphoid tissues)
- at the place of immune response
What is Immunophenotyping?
specific labeling of cell surface (or intracellular) proteins to identify a cell population. The specificity of this staining is guaranteed by antigen- antibody reaction. (see FACS presentation)
How does Immunophenotyping work?
- Identification of leukocyte subpopulations
- Detection of the functional and maturation state of leukocytes
What are 2 types of Lymphocyte subpopulations
CD markers and cytoplasmic proteins
What are 2 types of Lymphocyte subpopulations
CD markers and cytoplasmic proteins
Recognition of antigens is based on ___.
ENCOUNTER
____have to arrive to invading antigens.
Antigen-specific lymphocytes
WHAT IS THE CONSEQUENCE OF ANTIGEN RECOGNITION?
- Humoral immune response: antibody mediated immune response
- Cell-mediated immune response: cells are the effectors
CONSEQUENCE OF ANTIGEN RECOGNITION
-> What is happening here?
How do we employ immunological toolbar in diagnostics and therapy?
- IN DIAGNOSTICS: diagnostical antibodies; complement molecules…
- IN THERAPY: therapeutical antibodies, cytokines, dendritic cells…
5 Basic laboratory tests of the immune cells
- Complete blood count with differential
- Peripheral blood smear and bone marrow smear
- Cytochemical reactions
- Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry
- Cytogenetics, molecular genetics (See in Genetics and genomics)
What is the aim of Complete blood count?
1) Presence or absence of blood cell types
2) Ratio of cell types
3) Aberrant cell types
What is characteristics of Flow cytometry?
distribution by the size and granularity of granulocytes
Classification of acut leukemia with myeloid specific stains (example)
Classification of acut leukemia with myeloid specific stains (example)