P1 Exam Items Flashcards
Ref: Chapter 1-5
Which of the following scenario might the commonsense psychology be beneficial?
a. When making quick decisions in everyday life
b. When conducting experimental research
c. When developing a new psychological theory
d. When performing a statistical analysis
a. When making quick decisions in everyday life
What is meant by saying that “science is objective”?
a. Scientific answers are based on direct observation
b. Scientific answers are based on logical observation
c. Scientific answers are not based on researcher’s biases
d. Scientific answers are not made available for evaluation by others
c. Scientific answers are not based on researcher’s biases
Which method is more likely to produce consistent and generalizable results?
a. Commonsense Psychology
b. Scientific Method
c. Both methods produce equally reliable results
d. Neither method is reliable
b. Scientific Method
How can confirmation bias be minimized in decision-making processes?
a. When a person considers information from high-status and confident individuals
b. When a person actively considers alternative viewpoints
c. When a person relies on personal experiences and gut feelings
d. When a person seeks information from sources whom he/she already agree with
b. When a person actively considers alternative viewpoints
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern science?
a. Behavior follows natural order
b. Observations of behavior is limited without general principles to structure them
c. Being open to new ideas even if it is contradictory to prior beliefs or attitudes
d. A researcher uses private beliefs or expectations to influence observations or conclusions
e. All of the above
d. A researcher uses private beliefs or expectations to influence observations or conclusions
Which of the following is an example of the gambler’s fallacy?
a. Ann believes that each spin of roulette wheel is independent of previous spins
b. John believes that a fair coin is more likely to land heads after several flips of tails
c. Marian is using the concept of probability to determine the results upon rolling a certain number on a dice
d. All of the statements above are definitions of gambler’s fallacy
b. John believes that a fair coin is more likely to land heads after several flips of tails
Jona, a sales executive, confidently predicts that she will close a major deal based on her experiences on her past successes, even though market conditions have changed. She doesn’t prepare as thoroughly as she should. This scenario demonstrates:
a. Confirmation Bias
b. Personal Bias
c. Overconfidence Bias
d. All of the above
c. Overconfidence Bias
Which of the following best describes the type of data we often collect about others through stereotyping?
a. Detailed personal history
b. Generalized characteristics
c. Behavioral history
d. Unique personal experiences
b. Generalized characteristics
Which of the following is TRUE about the purpose of having an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
I. They decide whether the process proposed study puts the subjects at risk
II. They ensure that rights of individual are safeguarded by giving informed consent
III. They ensure that debriefing is conducted only on experiments that used deception
IV. They ensure that all data gathered will remain private and confidential
a. All statements are true
b. None of the statements are true
c. Only I, II, IV statements are true
d. Only I and II statements are true
c. Only I, II, IV statements are true
At a research conference
When Bailey’s team replicates an experiment on the effects of a new drug and obtain the same results as the original study, they confirm the reliability of the findings. What aspect of characteristics of modern sciences does this exemplify?
a. Scientific Mentality
b. Gathering Empirical Data
c. Replication
d. All of the above
c. Replication
During a study on social behaviors, Jude ensures that all data collected is based on direct observations and measurable phenomena. Which scientific principle is Jude adhering to?
a. Gathering Empirical Data
b. Seeking General Principles
c. Publicizing Results
d. Scientific Mentality
a. Gathering Empirical Data
In her research on diet and mental health, Gwen consistently uses unbiased methods, logical reasoning, and avoids personal biases when interpreting data. Which principle does her approach exemplify?
a. Publicizing Results
b. Self-Correction
c. Good Thinking
d. Scientific Mentality
c. Good Thinking
Dr. Salazar conducts a study where she observes the social interactions of children in a playground. She takes detailed notes on the types of games they play, the frequency of their interactions, and the nature of their conversations without intervening. What scientific objective is Dr. Salazar exemplifying?
a. Prediction
b. Description
c. Explanation
d. Control
b. Description
Barry has analyzed data showing that people who mediate regularly tend to have lower levels of stress. He can anticipate that introducing a meditation program at his workplace will decrease overall stress levels among employees. What scientific step is Barry demonstrating?
a. Description
b. Prediction
c. Explanation
d. Control
b. Prediction
Johnny is studying the behavior of individuals with social anxiety disorder. She observes and documents their interactions in social settings, noting their body language, speech patterns, and levels of discomfort without attempting to intervene or alter their behavior. What scientific step is Johnny exemplifying?
a. Prediction
b. Description
c. Explanation
d. Control
b. Description
Bravo conducts a series of experiments to understand why certain individuals develop eating disorders. She finds that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, such as family dynamics and societal pressure, contribute significantly to the development of these disorders. What scientific step is Bravo exemplifying?
a. Description
b. Prediction
c. Explanation
d. Control
c. Explanation
After discovering that Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) effectively treats anxiety disorders, Julio integrates CBT into his practice. His patients who undergo CBT show significant reduction in anxiety symptoms. What scientific step is Julio demonstrating?
a. Description
b. Prediction
c. Explanation
d. Control
d. Control
Death of a loved one is associated with grief. If the grandparent of an individual died recently, people can expect that the person will feel grief. Which objective of science was used in the sentence above?
a. Description
b. Prediction
c. Explanation
d. Control
b. Prediction
This is the assignment of numerical values to objects or events or characteristics according to conventional rules.
a. Experimentation
b. Measurement
c. Treatment conditions
d. Antecedent conditions
b. Measurement
Taylor uses a standardized test to assign numerical values to the intelligence levels of participants in her study. She then uses the scores to investigate correlations with academic performance. What scientific step is Taylor demonstrating?
a. Observation
b. Experimentation
c. Measurement
d. Description
c. Measurement
