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9A - P1 revision > P1 Energy (shortened version) > Flashcards

P1 Energy (shortened version) Flashcards

1
Q

In physics, what is a ‘system’?

A

A group of objects

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2
Q

What are the four ways in which energy can be transferred?

A
  1. Mechanically (by a force doing work)
  2. Electrically (work done by moving charge)
  3. Heating
  4. Radiation (light and sound)
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3
Q

What is work done the same as?

A

Energy transferred

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4
Q

What equation links kinetic energy, mass and velocity?

A

Ek = 0.5 x m x v2

Kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x velocity2

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5
Q

Name the 8 energy stores.

A
  1. Thermal
  2. Kinetic
  3. Gravitational Potential
  4. Elastic Potential
  5. Chemical
  6. Magnetic
  7. Electrostatic
  8. Nuclear
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6
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system where matter or energy cannot leave or enter.

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7
Q

What equation links gravitational potential energy, mass, gravitational field strength and height?

A

Ep = m g h

Gravitational Potential Energy = mass x gravitational field strength x height

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8
Q

Describe the energy changes involved in a falling ball.

A

The ball’s gravitational potential energy store decreases.

The ball’s kinetic energy store increases.

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9
Q

What are the units for work done?

A

Joules

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10
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 oC.

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11
Q

What equation links power, energy transferred and time?

A

Power = Energy Transferred / Time

(P = E/t)

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12
Q

What equation links power, work done and time?

A

Power = Work done / Time

(P = W/t)

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13
Q

Name the energy stored in a stretched or compressed spring.

A

Elastic potential energy

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14
Q

What does ‘conservation of energy’ mean?

A

Energy can be transferred, stored or dissipated, but can never be created or destroyed.

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15
Q

Describe the energy transfer involved in a person lifting a weight.

A
  • The person’s chemical energy store decreases.
  • The kinetic energy store of the person’s arm and the weight increases.
  • The gravitational potential energy store of the person’s arm and the weight increases.
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16
Q

Describe the energy transfer when work is done by friction.

A

Kinetic energy store of the object decreases.

Thermal energy store of the surroundings increases.

17
Q

A book on the top shelf has a gravitational potential energy store of 100 J. The book falls. How much energy will be in the book’s kinetic energy store as it hits the ground?

A

100 J

18
Q

What is another name for ‘wasted’ energy?

A

Dissipated energy

19
Q

What are lubricants used for?

A

Reduce friction between moving objects.

20
Q

List some examples of house insulation.

A
  • Cavity wall insulation (reduces convection)
  • Loft insulation (reduces convection)
  • Double-glazed windows (reduces conduction)
  • Draught excluders (reduces convection)
21
Q

Describe how energy is transferred by convection.

A
  • Particles gain energy
  • Particles move further apart
  • The fluid becomes less dense
  • Particles rise and transfer energy to other particles
  • The fluid becomes more dense
  • Particles fall
  • A convection current is formed
22
Q

What equation links efficiency, useful power output and total power input?

A

efficiency = useful power output / total power input

23
Q

Why are homes insulated?

A

To reduce heat loss

24
Q

Describe how energy is transferred by conduction.

A
  • Particles vibrate more
  • Particles collide with neighbouring particles
  • Transferring energy
25
Q

To insulate a house, would you want the insulation to have a high or low thermal conductivity?

A

Low thermal conductivity (to reduce heat loss)

26
Q

What equation links efficiency, useful output energy transfer and total input energy transfer.

A

efficiency = useful output energy transfer / total input energy transfer

27
Q

Higher Q. Give three ways the efficiency of an energy transfer be increased.

A
  • Insulation
  • Lubrication
  • More streamlined

9A - P1 revision (1 decks)

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