P1 energy and electricity Flashcards

1
Q

How does a larger surface area affect the rate of evaporation

A

It increases it

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2
Q

Evaporation causes this

A

Cooling

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3
Q

In terms of particles evaporation happens when

A

The particles with the highest Kinetic energy escape from the fluid

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4
Q

This colour is the most effective emitter or absorber of Infra red radiation

A

Black

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5
Q

This colour is the least effective emitter or absorber of Infra red radiation

A

White or silver

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6
Q

Burning fossil fuels produces these two polluting gases

A

Carbon dioxide and Sulphur dioxide

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7
Q

Carbon Dioxide causes this effect

A

Greenhouse effect

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8
Q

Sulphur dioxide causes this

A

Acid rain

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9
Q

The unit we most commonly use to measure energy

A

The Joule

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10
Q

The unit we most commonly use to measure power

A

The Watt

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11
Q

The form of energy that is most commonly wasted

A

Heat

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12
Q

Define Geothermal energy

A

Energy obtained from hot rocks inside the Earth

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13
Q

When substances change state ie from solid to liquid, the particles lose or gain this type of energy

A

Kinetic energy

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14
Q

Define Hydroelectric energy

A

Energy obtained by allowing water to flow downhill and turn turbines

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15
Q

Define U value

A

A value used to indicate how effective a material is at insulating

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16
Q

High U value means

A

The material is a bad insulator

17
Q

Low U value means

A

The material is a good insulator

18
Q

Define Conduction

A

The transfer of heat energy by the passing of vibrations from one particle to the next

19
Q

Define Conduction in metals

A

The transfer of heat energy by the movement of free electrons and vibration of IONS

20
Q

Define Convection

A

The transfer of heat energy by the movement of a liquid or gas due to it having a low density

21
Q

Factors that affect the rate at which heat is lost

A

Surface Area, Colour, Material, Temperature Difference

22
Q

Reliable Energy resource

A

Can make electrcity whenever it is needed eg coal

23
Q

Unreliable energy resource

A

Can only make electricity at certain times eg tidal

24
Q

Define Condensation

A

A vapour turning back to a liquid due to particles losing K.E and coming closer together

25
Advantages of Nuclear Fuel
Doesn't produce Carbon dioxide or Sulpur dioxide
26
Disadvantages of Nuclear fuel
High cost of decommisioning reactor
27
Define decomissioning of a nuclear reactor
the act of removing radioative waste prior to closing a nuclear plant
28
Define Payback time
The amount of time taken to recover the initial cost of an appliance due to the amount of money saved each year
29
Transformers
Devidces which can alter the voltage and current of electricity
30
Step up Transformer
A device that increases voltage and lowers current. This reduce energy loss when transmitting electricity
31
Step down Transformer
A device that decreases voltage and increases current. This make electricity more suitable for home use as less chance of sparking
32
Advantages of overhead power lines
Easy to repair, less expensive
33
Disadvantages of overhead power lines
Spoil view, danger to aircraft
34
Advantages of underground power lines
Don't spoil view no danger to aircraft
35
Disadvantages of underground power lines
Not easy to repair, more expensive