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Science > P1 - Energy > Flashcards

P1 - Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Give eight energy stores.

A 
Thermal energy
Kinetic energy
Gravitational potential energy
Elastic potential energy
Chemical energy
Magnetic energy
Electrostatic energy
Nuclear energy
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2
Q

What is a system?

A

The object or group of objects that you are investigating

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3
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system where neither matter or energy can enter or leave

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4
Q

What is the net change in the total energy of a closed system and why?

A

0 because no energy can get in from outside the system or escape from the system

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5
Q

Give two ways in which energy can be transferred.

A

Heating

Doing work

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6
Q

If an object is moving, what type of energy does it have?

A

Kinetic energy

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7
Q

If an object is raised, what type of energy does it have?

A

Gravitational potential

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8
Q

When an object falls, what energy transfer happens?

A

Energy from the object’s gravitational potential energy store is transferred to its kinetic energy store

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9
Q

How do you calculate the gravitational potential energy of an object?

A

mass x gravitational field strength x height

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10
Q

What energy transfer happens as a result of air resistance when an object is falling?

A

Energy from the object’s gravitational potential energy store is transferred to its thermal energy store

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11
Q

If an object is stretched, what type of energy does it have?

A

Elastic potential energy

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12
Q

How do you calculate the elastic potential energy of an object?

A

1/2 x spring constant x extension^2

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13
Q

How do you calculate the kinetic energy of an object?

A

1/2 x mass x speed^2

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14
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

How easily something heats up and cools down

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15
Q

If a material has a high specific heat capacity, what does that mean?

A

A lot of energy is required to heat the material

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16
Q

If a material has a low specific heat capacity, what does that mean?

A

Not very much energy is required to heat the material

17
Q

How do you calculate the specific heat capacity of a material?

A

change in thermal energy / mass / temperature change

18
Q

What is the conservation of energy principle?

A

Energy can never be created or destroyed

19
Q

What is power?

A

The rate of energy transfer

20
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts

21
Q

How do you calculate power?

A

energy transferred or work done / time

22
Q

Give two ways in which unwanted energy transfer can be reduced.

A

Lubrication

Thermal insulation

23
Q

How does lubrication reduce unwanted energy transfer?

A

It reduces the friction between two objects that are rubbing together

24
Q

Why are lubricants usually liquids?

A

Liquids can flow easily between objects, so the objects will be coated in the lubricant

25
Q

What happens to the particles of an object when it is heated?

A

The particles vibrate more and collide with each other

26
Q

How does energy transfer by conduction occur in solids?

A

When particles collide with each other, energy is transferred between them

27
Q

How does energy transfer by convection occur in liquids and gases?

A

When particles near the source of energy are heated, their density decreases. The less dense regions rise above the denser regions, which are pushed closer to the source of energy

28
Q

How do you calculate efficiency?

A

useful energy transfer / total energy transfer

29
Q

Give three ways in which the efficiency of an energy transfer can be increased.

A

Insulation
Lubrication
Streamlining

30
Q

What are the three main fossil fuels?

A

Coal
Oil
Natural gas

31
Q

Give two non-renewable energy resources.

A

Fossil fuels

Nuclear fuel

32
Q

Give two nuclear fuel sources.

A

Uranium

Plutonium

33
Q

Give six renewable energy resources.

A 
Solar
Wind
Hydroelectricity
Biofuel
Tides
Geothermal
34
Q

How are fossil fuels used to provide energy?

A

They are burnt

35
Q

How is the wind used to provide energy?

A

The wind turns turbines which generate electricity

36
Q

How is the Sun used to provide energy?

A

Solar cells generate electricity directly from sunlight

37
Q

How does geothermal power work?

A

The heat from hot rocks, which can be found in volcanic areas, is used to generate electricity

38
Q

How does hydroelectric power work?

A

Falling water passes through turbines which generate electricity

39
Q

How are biofuels used to provide energy?

A

Biofuels (plant products or animal waste) are burnt to generate electricity

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