P1 Energy Flashcards
Name 5 ways you can reduce energy loss in your home.
Choose from:
- loft insulation,
- cavity wall insulation,
- double glazing,
- draught excluders,
- silver foil behind radiators.
- carpet, rugs and underlay
Give 2 advantages of using fossil fuels to make electricity.
Advantage 1. Fossil fuels are readily available. Advantage 2. Gas power stations have a short start up time meaning the power station can quickly respond to an increased demand.
Name 4 energy resources that are renewable.
Chosse 4 energy resources that are renewable
from biofuel,
wind,
hydro-electricity,
geothermal,
the tides,
the Sun
and water waves.
A crane does 15,000J of work in 30 seconds. What is its power?
Power = work done/time taken
=15,000/30
= 500W
Give 2 advantages of using renewable sources to make electricity
This will depend on the renewable source used but in general:
Advantage 1. No carbon dioxide is released so the production of energy does not add to climate change. Advantage 2. renewable sources are or can be continuously replaced and so will never run out.
Which colour on a thermogram shows where it is hottest?
White or yellow to red.
What will affect how fast a building loses heat energy?
The rate of cooling of a building
is affected by the thickness and thermal conductivity of its walls.
Heat energy only flows in which direction?
From hotter objects to colder objects.
What is the equation to find gravitational potential energy?
If g = 10 m/s2 and someone has a mass of 75kg,
What is their weight?
As weight = mass x gravity
weight = 75 x 10
= 750 N.
Would you want a high or low specific heat capacity for a liquid used to fill a radiator? Why?
You would want a high specific heat capacity for a liquid used to fill a radiator because it would store a lot of energy and cool down slowly.
What is specific heat capacity?
The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree.
What is power measured in?
Power is measured in Watts.
1 Watt = 1 Joule per second.
Explain how conduction happens in solids.
Particles gain energy and vibrate more. These vibrations are passed on to the next particle, then the next and so on, until the vibrations (heat energy) have passed along the solid.
What is a renewable energy resource?
A renewable energy resource is one that is being
(or can be) replenished as it is used
What is meant by Power?
Power is a measurement of how quickly work is done. The faster you do work, or transfer energy, the greater your power.
If a substance has a high specific heat capacity, what does this tell you about the amount of energy it stores?
Substances with a high specific heat capacity take a lot of energy to heat up, so can store a lot of energy.
What is meant by Work Done?
Work Done is the energy transferred when a force acts over a certain distance.
What does thermal conductivity mean?
The higher the thermal conductivity of a material the higher the rate of
energy transfer by conduction across the material.
If a substance has a high specific heat capacity, what does this tell you about how it heats up?
Substances with a high specific heat capacity take a lot of energy to heat up, so will heat up slowly.
What is a thermogram?
A picture where different colours are used to show different temperatures.
Describe the energy change of an object accelerated by a constant force
The object will gain speed and so gains kinetic energy.
A car has a mass of 1000kg and a speed of 10m/s. What is its kinetic energy?
KE = 1/2 mv2
KE = 1/2 x 1000 x 102
= 50,000J
Describe the energy changes in a vehicle slowing down
As the vehicle slows down it loses kinetic energy. This is converted into heat due to friction with the air and the brake blocks and the tyres.
(HT) You will be given the equation to calculate the energy in a coiled spring. Can you rearrange this to find the spring constant?
The spring constant k =E/ 0.5 x e2
Name 4 energy resources that are non-renewable.
Oil, coal, gas and nuclear fuels such as Uranium are all non-renewable.
What is meant by ‘efficiency’?
A measurement of the useful energy output as a percentage of the total energy input.
Eg. a light bulb that converts 50 J of energy into light out of 200 J of electricity supplied would be 25% efficient.
If a substance has a high specific heat capacity, what does this tell you about how it cools down?
Substances with a high specific heat capacity store a lot of energy so will cool down slowly.
Describe arguments for and against electric cars.
Advantage/ pro/ for: No pollution from vehicle, quiet.
Disadvantage/ anti/ against: shorter range, possible pollution from power station producing electricity for recharging, cost.
Which colour on a thermogram shows where it is coldest?
Black or purple to blue.
Describe the energy changes when a moving object hits an obstacle
The moving object has Kinetic Energy. When it hits an obstacl it loses this KE (and comes to a sudden stop). The energy is converted into sound, possibly light and heat energy and possible some KE if the obstacle moves.
Why are metals such good conductors of heat?
Metals are the only material that has metallic bonding. They have free electrons which can move between the metal ions and transfer heat energy quickly along the metal.
Rearrange:
work done = force x distance
so that it is:force =
You should get: force = work done/distance.
Give 2 advantages of using nuclear fuels to make electricity
Nuclear fuels such as Uranium and Plutonium release energy without being burned.
Advantage 1. Nuclear fuel releases a lot more energy per kg than a fossil fuel.
Advantage 2. As nuclear fuel does not need to be burnt to release energy it does not release CO2 and add to climate change.
Give 2 disadvantages of using nuclear fuels to make electricity
Nuclear fuels such as Uranium and Plutonium release energy without being burnt.
Disadvantage 1. Nuclear fuel produces nuclear waste which remains radiaoactive for 1000’s of years. This waste is a cancer risk and needs to be strored safely away from people.
Disadvantage 2. Nuclear power stations are expensive to build and decomission (break up at the end of their life).
What do we need energy resources for?
Energy resources are used for transport, electricity generation and heating.
Describe the energy changes when an object is projected upwards
At the start of its journey the object, lets imagine that it’s a ball, will be going the fastest it will travel (it has maximum KE). As it gets higher it slows down (loses KE) This kinetic energy is converted to GPE, the ability to fall. At the top of its arc the ball has maximum GPE but zero KE. The ball then starts to fall to earth, gaining speed and KE but losing GPE.
What happens to kinetic energy if:
(a) the mass is doubled?
(b) the speed is doubled?
KE = 1/2 mv2 so
(a) KE doubles
(b) KE quadruples
(HT only) Describe ways to increase the
efficiency of an intended energy transfer.
We can increase the
efficiency of an intended energy transfer by making sure that as little is lost as heat as possible. Depending on the situation you could use lubrication or insulation to so this.
Give 2 disadvantages of using renewable sources to make electricity
This will depend on the renewable source used but in general:
Disadvantage 1. Renewable sources are ugly, we call this visual pollution.
Disadvantage 2. Renewable sources have a negative effect on wildlife.
When do things cool down the fastest?
When there is a big difference in temperature.
Give 2 disadvantages of using fossil fuels to make electricity
Fossil fuels include coal, oi and gas and petrol and diesel which are made from oil.
Disadvantage 1. Burning fossil fuels releases harmful gases such as CO2 which increases climate change. Disadvantage 2. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and are expected to run out this century.
Describe all the changes involved in the way
energy is stored when an electric kettle boils water.
The kettle uses elelctrical energy and turns it into heat energy which is passed to the water. As the water boils the water particles gain KE. You would lose energy in heating the kettle itself and the surroundings- also some energy as noise and in the light that shows the kettle is on.
How can you reduce the amount of energy lost as heat?.
You can reduce the amount of energy lost as heat by reducing energy transfers, for example through lubrication and the use of thermal
insulation.
Give 2 disadvantages of using biomass (a renewable source) to make electricity
Biomass fuels such as wood, oils and alcohol have to be burnt to release energy.
Disadvantage 1. Biomass is only a renewable resource if plants are replanted. It has lead to deforestation in Asia and the Amazon.
Disadvantage 2. When burned, biomass gives off CO2 which increases climate change.
Disadvantage 3. Biomass fuels can be grown instead of food crops.
(In theory this is the same mass of CO2 given out that the plants used in photosynthesis. This is why biomass is called a carbon neutral source. In reality this doesn’t balance.)
What is a Sankey diagram?
A diagram that uses arrows to show energy transfer and efficiency.
Why is water a bad conductor?
Water is a bad conductor because it is a liquid and in a liquid the particles are not held together very tightly, so the vibrations don’t get passed on to the next particle.
Give 2 advantages of using biomass (a renewable source) to make electricity
Biomass fuel has to be burnt to release energy. It is a large group of fuels including wood, oils from seeds, alcohol from plant sugars, poo, rubbish and any other organic matter
Advantage 1. It is a cheap and readily available source of energy.
Advantage 2. If replaced, biomass can be a long-term, sustainable energy source.
