p1 energy

Question 1

what is a system?

Answer 1

an object or group of objects

Question 2

what are the main 4 examples of different stores of energy?

Answer 2

1) kinetic energy
2) elastic potential energy
3) gravitational potential energy
4) chemical energy

Question 3

energy changes when a ball is thrown upwards?

Answer 3

1) Ke as the ball is going up
2) Ke is then all transferred to GPE when the ball reaches is maximum height.
3) GPE is then all transferred to Ke as the ball is falling back down

Question 4

energy changes when a moving object hits an obstacle?

Answer 4

1) Ke at the time of collision
2) then transferred to thermal energy due to the particles in the objects vibrating + friction of collision AND sound energy
3) still Ke as the object may move away from the collision

Question 5

energy changes in an object accelerated by a constant force

Answer 5

1) sound energy which is eventually transferred to thermal energy
2) Ke as the object accelerates

Question 6

energy changes as a vehicle is slowing down?

Answer 6

1) decrease in Ke as the vehicle slows down
2) transferred to thermal energy due to the friction between the tires and ground.
3) sound energy
3) eventually, all the Ke is transferred to thermal energy, then potential energy when the vehicle fully stops

Question 7

energy changes in boiling water?

Answer 7

1) electrical energy
2) converted to thermal energy and sound energy

Question 8

equation for Ke?

Answer 8

0.5 x mass x (speed)^2

Question 9

equation for EPE?

Answer 9

0.5 x spring constant x (extension)^2

Question 10

equation for GPE?

Answer 10

mass x gravitational field strength x height

Question 11

equation for change in thermal energy?

Answer 11

mass x specific heat capacity x temp change

Question 12

equation for power?

Answer 12

1) energy transferred// time
2) work done// time

Question 13

what is the law of the conservation of energy?

Answer 13

energy can not be created or destroyed, only transferred into different forms

Question 14

how is energy dissipated in the system of a ball being thrown upwards?

Answer 14

thermal energy due to air resistance, causing friction between the ball and air particles

Question 15

how is energy dissipated in the system of a moving object hitting an obstacle?

Answer 15

sound energy from the collision and thermal energy due to particles vibrating and friction between objects

Question 16

how is energy dissipated in the system of an object accelerated by a constant force?

Answer 16

thermal energy when the objects rub together and possible sound energy

Question 17

how is energy dissipated in the system of a vehicle slowing down?

Answer 17

thermal energy due to the friction between the tires and the ground

Question 18

how is energy dissipated in the system of boiling water in a kettle?

Answer 18

thermal energy in the evaporation of the water

Question 19

methods of reducing unwanted energy?

Answer 19

lubrication and insulation

Question 20

what is the relationship between energy transfer through a material and the conductivity of that material?

Answer 20

the higher the conductivity, the higher the rate energy passes through

Question 21

how to prevent heat loss in a building?

Answer 21

1) double glazing the windows
2) thickening the walls
3) loft and wall insulation

Question 22

equation for efficiency

Answer 22

1) useful energy output// total energy input
2) useful power output// total energy input

Question 23

how to increase efficiency?

Answer 23

decrease waste energy (through insulation or lubrication) OR use/ recycle the wasted energy

Question 24

sources of renewable energy?

Answer 24

1) wind energy
2) hydro electric energy
3) tidal energy
4) solar energy
5) biofuel
6) geothermal energy

Question 25

sources of non-renewable energy?

Answer 25

1) fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) 2) nuclear energy

Question 26

what is renewable energy?

Answer 26

energy that can be replenished as its being used

Question 27

what are the uses of energy resources?

Answer 27

transport, electricity generation and heating

Question 28

what energy resource(s) are mainly used for transportation?

Answer 28

biofuel

Question 29

which energy resource(s) are mainly used for heating

Answer 29

gas, electric and geothermal

Question 30

which energy resource(s) are mainly used for

Answer 30

hydroelectricity, nuclear energy, natural gas, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal

Question 31

why are non-renewable sources of energy more reliable than renewable energy?

Answer 31

1) quick start up 2) doesnt rely on external factors (eg wind) 3) can generate larger quantities of power when needed

Question 32

impact of fossil fuels on the environment (disadvantages)

Answer 32

1)production of CO2 into the air, greenhouse gas, contributing to global warming as it traps heat in our atmosphere 2) sulphur dioxide production, could cause acid rain, damaging buildings

Question 33

disadvantage of using renewable energy?

Answer 33

1) output is determined by external factors

Question 34

advantages of using fossil fuels as an energy resource?

Answer 34

1) reliable as they do not rely on external factors to generate energy 2)can produce large quantities of electricity when needed 3) cost-effective

Question 35

advantages of nuclear power?

Answer 35

1) doesnt release greenhouse gasses 2) very large amounts of energy for little fuel 3) low fuel costs

Question 36

disadvantages of nuclear power?

Answer 36

1) risks of nuclear explosions 2) non renewable 3) produces nuclear waste which is harmful to humans

Question 37

disadvantages of using biofuel as an energy resource?

Answer 37

1) CO2 emissions 2) in order to grow biofuels, land must be destroyed

Question 38

advantages of tidal energy?

Answer 38

1) do not produce greenhouse gasses 2) reliable as tides happen 2 times a day 3) very cheap to run

Question 39

disadvantages of hydroelectricity?

Answer 39

1) dam might cause flooding 2)costs a lot to install the required infastructure

Question 40

advantages of using solar power?

Answer 40

1) dont cause harm to the environment 2) are renewable 3)can be used in remote areas where other types of energy may not be accessible

Question 41

examples of social factors that cause deterrence to certain types of energy production?

Answer 41

1) visual pollution 2) sound pollution