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GCSE Physics - For The Runners 😉 > P1 - Conservation and Dissipation of Energy > Flashcards

P1 - Conservation and Dissipation of Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is conservation of energy?

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed

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2
Q

What is dissipated energy?

A

the energy that is not usefully transferred and stored in less useful ways

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3
Q

What is efficiency?

A

useful energy transferred by a device / total energy supplied to the device

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4
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

energy stored in an elastic object as a result of it being deformed. For example, a stretched spring

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5
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, as long as its limit of proportionality is not exceeded

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6
Q

What is input energy?

A

energy supplied to a device

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7
Q

What is power?

A

the energy transformed or transferred per second. The unit of power is the watt (W)

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8
Q

What is spring constant?

A

force per unit extension of a spring

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9
Q

What is useful energy?

A

energy transferred to where it is wanted in the way that is wanted

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10
Q

What is wasted energy?

A

energy that is not usefully transferred

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11
Q

What is work?

A

the energy transferred by a force. Work done (joules, J) = force (newtons, N) x distance moved in the direction of the force (metres, m)

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12
Q

What are all the 8 energy stores?

A 
°Kinetic
°Thermal
°Chemical
°Nuclear
°Gravitational Potential
°Elastic Potential
°Magnetic
°Electrostatic
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13
Q

Where is a kinetic energy store?

A

In a moving object

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14
Q

Where is a chemical energy store?

A

Chemical energy is stored in the bonds that connect atoms with other atoms and molecules with other molecules

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15
Q

Where is a gravitational energy store?

A

an object above ground

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16
Q

Where is an elastic energy store?

A

a stretched or squashed object

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17
Q

What is a thermal energy store?

A

due to a substances temperature

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18
Q

What is a magnetic energy store?

A

The energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled further apart

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19
Q

What is a nuclear store?

A

energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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20
Q

What are all the energy transfer pathways?

A
  • Mechanically,
  • Electrically,
  • by Heating
  • by Radiation
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21
Q

What is mechanical energy transfer?

A

When a force acts and energy is transferred

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22
Q

What is electrical energy transfer?

A

When a current flows

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23
Q

What is energy transfer by heating?

A

Due to temperature difference

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24
Q

What is energy transfer by radiation?

A

A wave such as light, microwaves or sound

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25
What is the equation for Gravitational Potential Energy?
ΔEp = mass (m) x gravitational field strength (g) x change in height (Δh)
26
What is the equation for kinetic energy?
Ek = 1/2 x mass (m) x velocity² (v²)
27
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
28
What is an efficient lightbulb?
CFL bulb
29
What does CFL Bulb stand for?
Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb
30
What is an inneficient bulb?
A filament light bulb
31
What is useful energy?
energy transferred to where it is wanted and in the form it is wanted
32
What is wasted energy?
Energy that is not usefully transferred
33
What is the equation for efficiency?
Efficiency % = (Useful energy out/total energy in) x 100
34
What is the equation for Elastic Potential Energy?
Ee = 1/2 x spring constant (k) x extension² (e²)
35
What is the unit of measurement for Work Done?
Joules (J)
36
What is the equation for work done?
Work Done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
37
What is a Watt?
a J/s
38
What is the unit for power?
A Watt
39
What is the equation for power?
Power (W) = Energy Transferred (J)/Time (s)
40
The power rating will be greater is work is done over a ..................... period of time
shorter
41
What is the origin of the word 'Kinetic'?
The greek word 'kinesis'
42
What happens to wasted energy?
wasted energy is dissipated to the surroundings
43
Why can no device be more efficient than 100%?
you can never get more energy from a machine than you put into it
44
What is one of the most efficient appliances?
A heater/radiator
45
How many watts is 1kW?
1000
46
The more powerful an appliance is the ............... the rate which it transfers energy
faster
47
Wasted energy is ............. to the surroundings
dissipated
48
What is a closed system?
An object or group of objects in which no energy transfers take place out of or into the energy stores of the system
49
What is energy?
Energy is the ability to do work
50
What is the unit of measurement for energy?
Joules (J)
51
What is a sankey diagram?
A diagram representing the amount of useful and wasted energy
52
What does the top path on a sankey diagram represent?
Useful energy
53
What does the bottom path on a sankey diagram represent?
Wasted energy
54
What are the 4 energy transfer pathways?
* Mechanical work - a force moving an object through a distance * Electrical work - charges moving due to a potential difference * Heating - due to temperature difference * Radiation - energy transferred as a wave, eg light and infrared - the Sun emits light radiation and infrared radiation
55
What is resolution?
the minimum distance at which two distinct points can be identified.
56
What is the resolution of the measurement 25.3cm?
0.1cm
57
What is the resolution of the measurement 67.5*C?
0.1
58
What is the form of wasted energy from friction?
Thermal energy
59
What is a source of random error?
unknown and unpredictable changes in the experiment, such as room temperature
60
what is the main way in which a motor wastes energy:
Thermal energy
61
Explain how the kinetic energy of the air passing a specific point would change if the wind speed is halved.
The mass of air passing past the point would half, causing the kinetic energy to half. The velocity if halved, therefore causing the kinetic energy to decrease by a factor of 4. Therefore halving the wind speed causes the kinetic energy to decrease by a factor of 8
62
How do you reduce wasted energy due to friction?
Lubrication

GCSE Physics - For The Runners 😉 (16 decks)

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