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Physics > P1-Chapter 1 Energy Transfer By Heating > Flashcards

P1-Chapter 1 Energy Transfer By Heating Flashcards

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1
Q

Infrared Radiation

A

Electromagnetic waves between visible light and microwaves in the electromagnetic spectrum.

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2
Q

Emit

A

Give out radiation

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3
Q

How does the temperature of an object affect the rate at which it emits infrared radiation

A

The higher the temperature of an object the greater the rate at which it emits infrared radiation

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4
Q

What is a vacuum?

A

A vacuum is a region that does not contain anything at all, not even gas particles

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5
Q

Why are house in hot countries often painted white?

A

Houses in hot countries are painted white because white is the worst absorber of infrared radiation

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6
Q

Why are the pipes on the back of the fridge usually painted black?

A

Because black surfaces are the best emitters of infrared radiation

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7
Q

Absorber

A

A substance that takes in radiation

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8
Q

Reflector

A

A substance that reflects radiation

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9
Q

Emitter

A

A substance that gives out radiation

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10
Q

How is the arrangement of the particles in a liquid different from that in a solid?

A

The particles in a liquid are in contact with each other but are not held in fixed position like those in a solid

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11
Q

How is the arrangement of the particles in a gas different from that in a liquid?

A

The particles in a gas are much farther apart and move around much faster than those in a liquid

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12
Q

Why are saucepans often made of metal with wooden handles?

A

The metal base of the saucepan is a good conductor so heat is conducted quickly to the food in the pan. The wooden handle is a poor conductor so it prevents someone picking up the saucepan getting burnt

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13
Q

Why are materials that trap air good insulators?

A

Air is a poor conductor so materials that trap air are good insulators

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14
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of energy from particle to particle in matter

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15
Q

Conductor

A

Material/object that conducts

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16
Q

Free electron

A

Electron that moves about freely inside a metal and is not held inside an atom

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17
Q

Insulator

A

Material/object that is a poor conductor

18
Q

Why doesn’t convection occur in solids?

A

Convection does not occur in solids because the particles are held in fixed positions and not able to flow

19
Q

Why does a fluid become less dense when it is heated?

A

A fluid becomes less dense when heated because it expands, so there is the same mass of material in a larger volume

20
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of energy by the bulk movement of a heated fluid

21
Q

Convection current

A

The circular motion of matter caused by heating in fluids

22
Q

What effect would decreasing the surface area of a liquid have on its rate of evaporation?

A

Decreasing the surface area of a liquid would decrease the rate of evaporation

23
Q

What effect would decreasing the surface area of a liquid have on its rate of condensation?

A

Decreasing the surface area would decrease the rate of condensation

24
Q

Why does painting an object dull black maximise the rate of energy transfer?

A

Painting an object dull black maximises the rate of energy transfer, because dull black surfaces are the best emitters of radiation

25
Q

Why does trapping air in small pockets minimise the rate of energy transfer?

A

Trapping air in small pockets minimises the rate of energy transfer because convection currents cannot be set up

26
Q

The specific heat capacity of oil is 2100J/Kc how much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of oil by 1.c ?

A

2100x1x1=2100 J

27
Q

The specific heat capacity of water is 4200J/Kc how much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 2kg of water by 1c ?

A

4200x2x1=8400 J

28
Q

What is the equation for specific heat capacity?

A 
E=MxCx0
E- is energy transferred J
M- is mass KG 
C- is the specific heat capacity J/KG c 
0- is the temperature change 'C
29
Q

Why is fibreglass a good insulator?

A

Fibreglass is a good insulator because it contains trapped air

30
Q

Why are the pipes that contain be water in a solar heating panel often painted black?

A

The pipes that contain the water in a solar heating panel are often painted black because black is the best absorber of radiation

31
Q

What is the best colour for a central heating radiator, glossy white or dull black?

A

Dull black

32
Q

Why does a solid have a fixed volume?

A

All the particles are held together in fixed positions

33
Q

When a liquid evaporates, why is the average kinetic energy of the remaining molecules reduced?

A

The most energetic molecules leave the liquid, so the average kinetic energy of the remaining molecules is reduced

34
Q

Which types of energy transfer involve particles?

A

Conduction, convection and evaporation involve particles

35
Q

What happens to the rate of energy transfer between an object and its surroundings if the temperature difference between them is reduced?

A

If the temperature difference is reduced, the rate of energy transfer decreases

36
Q

How does energy from the sun reach the earth?

A

Energy from the sun reaches the earth as radiation that travels through space

37
Q

How does the colour of a surface affect the rate of conduction?

A

The colour of a surface has no effect on the rate of conduction

38
Q

Why are gases poor conductors?

A

Gases are poor conductors because the particles are far apart

39
Q

Why are metals the best conductors?

A

Metals are the best conductors because they contain free electrons

40
Q

What is convection?

A

Convection is the movement of energy through a fluid by movement of the fluid itself

41
Q

How does cavity wall insulation reduce energy transfer from a house?

A

Cavity wall insulation traps the air in the cavity pockets, so preventing convection currents from being set up

42
Q

The specific heat capacity of water is 4200J/kg ‘c how much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 3kg of water by 4’c

A

The energy needed is 50,400 J

Physics (2 decks)

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