p1 atom Flashcards
What is an atom
The smallest part of an element
What is an element?
An element is a substance of a singular type of atom
Where are the elements listed
The periodic table
approx. how many elements exist?
around 100
Elements can be put into two groups, which are these?
metals and non metals
elements can combine through chemical reactions to form new products, what are these products called?
compounds
What is a compound?
Two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions which can be shown in formulae
Do compounds have the same properties as the elements inside?
No, they have different properties
What is a mixture? Does it have the same chemical properties as the elements inside?
Yes, a mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together
What are the methods that mixtures are separated (5)? Do these involve chemical reactions
Fractional distillation, simple distillation, filtration, chromatography, crystallisation and they do NOT involve chemical reactions
describe + explain simple distillation
simple distillation is used to separate liquid from a solution. It works as the liquid is heated to a gas and is then cooled down quickly to make it liquid (only works if the liquids have very different boiling points)
Describe and explain crystallisation
crystallisation is the process where a liquid forms into a structure where all atoms or molecules are organized highly into a crystal
describe and explain evaporation
evaporation is used to separate a solid that has been dissolved in a solvent from the solvent, the solution is heated until all the solvent evaporates; the solids stay.
describe and explain fractional distillation
fractional distillation is where a mixture is separated into different parts called fractions by heating it at the bottom and cooling it at the top
Describe and explain filtration?
Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. A beaker is filled with an insoluble solid and liquid and another is filled with a filter funnel and filter paper inside, the filter paper catches the solid, but the liquid can slip through.
