Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physixs > P1 > Flashcards

P1 Flashcards

1
Q

What did JJ Thomson discover?

A

His measurements of charge and mass showed that atoms must contain smaller, negative particles - electrons. He made a model known as the “plum pudding model”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What experiment did Rutherford, Geiger and Marsden perform?

A

The famous gold foil experiment - they fired positively charged alpha particles at an extremely thin sheet of gold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did Rutherford expect to happen and what actually happened?

A

Because of the plum pudding model, he expected that the particles would straight through or slightly deflected. Instead, more were deflected than expected, something the plum pudding couldn’t explain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was Rutherford’s new theory?

A

The nuclear atom - most of the mass of the atom was concentrated in a tiny, positively charged nucleus at the centre, surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was Niels Bohr’s ideas about the nuclear atom?

A

Instead of in a “cloud” around the nucleus, he suggested that electrons existed in shells/fixed orbits around the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are quantities related to atoms written and why?

A

In standard form, because they’re really small.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

A

Protons and neutrons, making it positively charged.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the diameter of an atom?

A

1 x 10⁻¹⁰m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the relative masses and charges of a proton, a neutron and an electron?

A

Proton - mass of 1, charge of +1
Neutron - mass of 1, charge of 0
Electron - mass of 0.0005, charge of -1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is density?

A

It relates the mass of a substance to how much space it takes up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the unit for density?

A

g/cm³ or kg/m³

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you calculate density?

A

Mass ÷ Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When will a solid object float on a fluid?

A

If it has a lower average density than the fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you measure the mass of a solid or liquid?

A

A mass balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you measure the volume of a liquid?

A

Pour it into a measuring cylinder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the conversion rate of ml to cm³?

A

01:01

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you convert cm³ to m³?

A

cm³ ÷ 1,000,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the formula for the volume of a cylinder?

A

Volume = π * radius² * height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How much water will an object displace when submerged?

A

A volume equal to its own volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you find the volume of any object with a eureka cna?

A

Fill the can so that the water level is just below the spout.
Place a measuring cylinder beneath the spout, then gently lower the object into the can.
The displaced water will come out - measure the collected volume.
Repeat and calculate the mean.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the differences in particles between different states of matter?

A

Their energy and their arrangement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the forces of attraction and energy levels of solid particles?

A

Strong forces hold the particles close together in a fixed, regular arrangement.
They don’t have much energy in the KE stores so they can only vibrate around their positions

23
Q

What are the forces of attraction and energy levels of liquid particles?

A

Weaker forces hold the particles - they are close together but can move past each other and form irregular arrangements.
They have more energy in their KE stores than solid - they move randomly at slow speeds.

24
Q

What are the forces of attraction and energy levels of gas particles?

A

Almost no forces between the particles.

They have more energy in their KE stories and are free to move - they travel randomly at high speeds

25
Q

Where is the energy in a substance’s thermal energy store held?

A

It’s held by its particles in their KE stores

26
Q

What happens to mass during a change of state?

A

It remains the same, as the particles stay the same weight but are rearranged.

27
Q

What happens to volume, and therefore density, during a change of state?

A

The volume changes - eg. particles in solids are closer together than in liquids.
Since volume is involved in the equation for density, density also changes.

28
Q

What is the specific heat capacity of a substance?

A

The change in energy in the substance’s thermal store that is needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of that substance by 1 degree celsius.

29
Q

How do you calculate Change in Thermal Energy using Mass, Specific Heat Capacity and Change in Temperature?

A

Change in Thermal Energy (J) = Mass (kg) * Specific Heat Capacity (J/kg/°C) * Change in Temperature (°C)

30
Q

How can you find the specific heat capacity of a liquid with a practical?

A

Attach an insulated container with either a liquid or solid in it to an electric heater, thermometer and joulemeter.
When the temperature has increased by eg. 10°C, record the energy on the joulemeter and the temperature increase.
Repeat 3 times for accuracy and then find the SHC.

31
Q

What happens to the temperature in a substance as it condenses or freezes?

A

It remains the same as bonds are being formed between particles which releases energy.

32
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The change of energy in a substance’s thermal store when 1 kg of the substance changes state without changing temperature.

33
Q

What is the specific latent heat for changing between a solid and a liquid called?

A

Specific latent heat of fusion

34
Q

What is the specific latent heat for changing between a liquid and a gas called?

A

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

35
Q

What is the equation for Thermal Energy in Change in State, involving Mass and Specific Latent Heat?

A

Thermal Energy for a Change in Stage (J) = Mass (kg) * Specific Latent Heat (J/kg)

36
Q

What do gas particles do when they collide with something?

A

They exert a force on it.

37
Q

What do the collisions that gas particles are involved in add up to equal?

A

They cause a net force on the inside surface of the container. The force acting per unit area is the pressure.

38
Q

How does changing temperature affect pressure?

A

Increasing the temperature causes energy to be transferred from a particles’ KE stores and they therefore move faster. This means that the particles hit the container walls harder and more often, creating more pressure.

39
Q

What equation is there for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature?

A

Pressure (Pa) x volume (m³) = constant

The pressure multiplied by the volume is always a constant value.

40
Q

What is the outside of a gas container experiencing?

A

Pressure from whatever is around it eg. atmospheric pressure.

41
Q

What does it mean if a balloon isn’t expanding or contracting?

A

The pressure (and force) of the gas inside the balloon pushing outwards is equal to the pressure (and force) of the air outside the balloon pushing inwards.

42
Q

What happens if you increase the pressure of a gas inside a balloon?

A

The force pushing outwards will be higher than the one pushing inwards, causing the
balloon to expand.
As it expands, the pressure inside will decrease. Once it falls back to the same level as atmospheric pressure, it will stop expanding.

43
Q

What happens if you decrease the pressure of a gas inside a balloon?

A

The pressure on the outside of the balloon will be bigger than the pressure on the inside, and so the balloon will shrink.
This would cause the pressure on the inside to rise, until pressure inside = outside again.

44
Q

What does does work on a gas do?

A

Doing work on a gas can increase its internal energy, which increases its temperature.

45
Q

How far does the Earth’s atmosphere stretch about the Earth’s surface?

A

Roughly 100km.

46
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The weight of the air high in the atmosphere pushing down on the air around us.

47
Q

How does atmospheric pressure vary with height?

A

The lower you are, the higher the atmospheric pressure is.

The higher you are, the lower the atmospheric pressure is.

48
Q

What is liquid pressure?

A

If you submerge an object in liquid, it experiences liquid pressure from all directions.

49
Q

How does liquid pressure increase?

A

With depth, due to the weight of the “column” of liquid directly above the object.

50
Q

How do you calculate liquid pressure with height of column, density of liquid and gravitational field strength?

A

Pressure due to a column of liquid (Pa) = Height of column (m) * Density of liquid (kg/m³) * g (N/kg)

51
Q

What is “g”?

A

10 N/kg

52
Q

How do you find the difference in pressure between two depths?

A

Difference in pressure (Pa) = Difference in depth (m) * Density of liquid (kg/m³) * g (N/kg)

53
Q

What is upthrust?

A

As pressure in a liquid increases with depth, the force pushing upwards on the bottom of an object due to the liquid pressure is greater than the force pushing down at the top. This is known as upthrust.

Physixs (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions