P1

Question 1

Describe an anecdote

Answer 1

A short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event.

Question 2

Describe an antithesis

Answer 2

The juxtaposition of ideas in balanced words/phrases.

”That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”

Question 3

Describe a contradiction

Answer 3

A lack of agreement between facts, opinions, actions etc.

Question 4

Describe a discourse marker

Answer 4

A transition word that brings coherence to a piece of writing.

”eg. however, in addition, on the one hand..”

Question 5

Describe a euphemism

Answer 5

The substitution of a less direct expression for one that is harsh or blunt.

”User fees is just a politican’s euphemism for taxes”

Question 6

Describe a fallacy

Answer 6

A mistake in reasoning that makes an argument invalid.

Question 7

Describe irony

Answer 7

The use of words that say the opposite of what you really mean.

Question 8

Describe a metaphor

Answer 8

A description in figurative words (the words are used in a creative way).

Question 9

Describe a paradox

Answer 9

A statement that seems contradictory, but is actually true.

”Some day you will be old enough to start reading fairy tails again”

Question 10

Describe wit

Answer 10

A natural skill for using words and ideas in an inventive way to create humour.

”Her caustic wit and wordplay have made her a television star”

Question 11

Describe an allusion

Answer 11

Something that refers to another person or subject in an indirect way.

“Her work is full of allusions to God”

Question 12

Describe an analogy

Answer 12

A comparison of two things that are alike in some respects.

“The teacher drew a analogy between the human heart and a pump”

Question 13

Describe a confirmation

Answer 13

The body of a speech, in which the speaker presents the best evidence and links it through careful argument to the thesis statement.

Question 14

Describe a concession

Answer 14

Acknowledging the counterarguments to an idea/proposal

“An individual does have their own right to freedom, but….”

Question 15

Describe a deliberative speech

Answer 15

Speech that argues for a course of future action

Question 16

Describe an enumeration

Answer 16

Making a point more forcibly by listing.

“When all God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles…”

Question 17

Describe epideictic speech

Answer 17

Occasional speech - used at a specific event (ex funeral).

Question 18

Describe Ethos

Answer 18

A speaker’s credibility and thrustworthiness.

Question 19

Describe an exordium

Answer 19

The introduction to a speech

Question 20

Describe forensic speech

Answer 20

legal speech - for use at a trial

Question 21

Describe Logos

Answer 21

The logic of a speech, the arguments that the speaker makes.

Question 22

Describe a narration

Answer 22

The background information to a debate, policy or issue.

Question 23

Describe a parallelism

Answer 23

Giving a similar form/ a definite pattern to two or more parts of a sentence

“What you see is what you get”

Question 24

Describe a partition

Answer 24

The division of points in which the speaker previews the structure of the speech

“I’m going to present three examples of this phenomenon”

Question 25

Describe Pathos

Answer 25

The emotional state of the audience by the speaker/the speech.

Question 26

Describe a peroration

Answer 26

The part of the speech where the speaker makes a final plea to the audience.

Question 27

Describe personification

Answer 27

Giving human qualities to objects.

“Time waits for no one”

Question 28

Describe a pre-introduction

Answer 28

The first thing a speaker says to hook the audience’s attention.

Question 29

Describe Proofs

Answer 29

The ways of making a speech persuasive (ethos, logos and pathos).

Question 30

Describe a refutation

Answer 30

A counterargument, the part of a speech where the speaker refutes other arguments

Question 31

Describe signposting

Answer 31

A word/phrase which shows the forward direction of the text/speech.

“First of all, however, in the next slide we’ll see.., by way of conclusion”

Question 32

Describe a (thesis) statement

Answer 32

A concise summary (of the major claim in a speech/t4ext).

“In this speech I will argue against the motion for economic reasons”

Question 33

Describe alliteration

Answer 33

The repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds in neighboring words.

“The sun sank slowly”

Question 34

Describe Anaphora

Answer 34

The repetition of a word/phrase at the beginning of successive phrases/clauses.

“Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition!

Question 35

Describe Assonance

Answer 35

The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in neighboring words.

“The squeaky wheel gets the grease”

Question 36

Describe Hyperbole

Answer 36

An overstatement characterized by exaggerated language.

“His suitcase weighed a ton!”

Question 37

Describe Isocolon

Answer 37

A structure with elements that are parallel in grammar and length.

“An envious heart makes a treacherous ear”

Question 38

Describe Realia

Answer 38

Objects and material from everyday life used as teaching aids.

“The language course makes extensive use of realia, such as brochures, manuals etc.”

Question 39

Describe Sarcasm

Answer 39

A form of verbal irony in which apparent praise is actually harshly critical.

“A coach saying to a player who misses the ball, “Nice catch!””

Question 40

Describe a satire

Answer 40

A style used to ridicule others’ ideas, vices and faults.

“This text is a clever satire on Ireland’s politicians”

Question 41

Describe a simile

Answer 41

A comparison using the words like or as.

“As white as snow”

Question 42

Describe a syllogism

Answer 42

A form of deduction in which two statements are used to prove a third.

“All humans must die; I am a human; therefore I must die”

Question 43

Describe synecdoche

Answer 43

A figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vise versa.

“Australia won by six goals (meaning ‘the Australian team’)”