P1

Question 1

Solid particles

Answer 1

Fixed shape
Cannot take the shape of their container
Vibrate
Can’t compress

Question 2

Liquid particles

Answer 2

Take the shape of their container
Hard to compress
Move
Close together

Question 3

Gas particles

Answer 3

Easy to compress
Take shape of container
Move randomly

Question 4

Properties of dark Matt surfaces

Answer 4

Good emitters and absorbers of infrared radiation

Question 5

Properties of light and shiny surfaces

Answer 5

Poor emitters and absorbers of infrared radiations

Question 6

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 6

The amount of energy need to heat 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

Question 7

Why are metals good conductors of heat?

Answer 7

Because they have free electrons that move and carry energy

Question 8

Evaporation

Answer 8

Liquid turns into gas

Liquid particles gain enough energy to become gas

Question 9

Insulation

Answer 9

Large spaces between particles reduce heat movement

Question 10

What is U value?

Answer 10

How affective a material is as an insulator

The lower the U value, the better the insulator

Question 11

How are vacuum flasks designed to reduce heat transfer?

Answer 11

Plastic top- conduction, convection, evaporation
Vacuum- conduction and convection
Glass walls- conduction and radiation
Plastic support- conduction

Question 12

What happens during energy transfers?

Answer 12

Energy is wasted

Question 13

What does the power of an appliance tell us?

Answer 13

How much energy is transferred per second

Question 14

What are fossil fuels? What are some disadvantages and advantages?

Answer 14

Coal, oil and gas 
DIS
Non renewable 
acid rain 
Global warming 
AD
reliable 
Cheap 
Lots of electricity

Question 15

How do fossil fuels generate electricity?

Answer 15

Fossil fuels burnt
Creates steam
Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

Question 16

What is start up time?

Answer 16

How long it takes for a power station to produce electricity

Question 17

What is carbon capture and storage?

Answer 17

Stopping co2 from being released into the atmosphere
Pumped underground and stored
Expensive

Question 18

Biofuels

Answer 18

Trees convert light energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis
Burnt
Creates steam
Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

Question 19

Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels

Answer 19

AD 
Renewable 
Reliable 
DIS 
harmful to habitats 
Food crops used

Question 20

Hydroelectric power

Answer 20

Damn a river
Water flows into turbine
Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

Question 21

AD and DIS of hydroelectric

Answer 21

AD 
renewable 
No CO2 
DIS 
expensive 
Destructive to habitats

Question 22

Wave power

Answer 22

Column containing turbine and generator
Waves force air up and down
Turbine moves
Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

Question 23

AD and DIS of wave power

Answer 23

AD 
Renewable 
No co2 
DIS 
unreliable 
Noisy

Question 24

Tidal power

Answer 24

Tidal barrage 
Higher tide- barrage opens 
Water fills estuary 
Low tide- water flows to turbine 
Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

Question 25

AD and DIS of tidal

Answer 25

``` AD Renewable No CO2 DIS Destructive Expensive ```

Question 26

Wind power

Answer 26

Wind turbines | Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

Question 27

AD and DIS of wind power

Answer 27

``` AD no CO2 Renewable DIS noisyvisual pollution ```

Question 28

Solar power

Answer 28

Solar cells convert sun energy into electrical energy

Question 29

AD and DIS of solar

Answer 29

``` AD renewable No CO2 DIS expensive Unreliable ```

Question 30

Nuclear power

Answer 30

N piwerplant contains N reactor NR contains fuel rods of plutonium and uranium which undergo NF which releases heat energy Water into steam Steam Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

Question 31

AD and DIS of nuclear

Answer 31

``` AD reliable No CO2 DIS expensive Non renewable ```

Question 32

The national grid

Answer 32

Transformers and high voltage cables

Question 33

Step up transformers

Answer 33

Increase voltage so less energy is lost

Question 34

Step down transformers

Answer 34

Reduce voltage so it isn't too high | Passed to homes

Question 35

AD and DIS of over head transmission cables

Answer 35

``` AD cheap Easy to access DIS visual pollution Weather damages ```

Question 36

AD and DIS of underground transmission cables

Answer 36

``` AD Isn't damaged by weather Not VP DIS hard to access Expensive ```

Question 37

Transverse

Answer 37

Direction of energy is perpendicular to the oscillations

Question 38

Longitudinal

Answer 38

Direction of energy is parallel to the oscillations

Question 39

Sound waves

Answer 39

Small amplitude- quiet High frequency- high pitch Need a medium to travel through

Question 40

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 40

``` Gamma X rays Ultra violet Light (visable) Infrared Microwaves Radio waves ```

Question 41

Refraction

Answer 41

Light changes in direction when it changes speed

Question 42

Diffraction

Answer 42

When waves spread out as the pass through a gap

Question 43

Communication with waves

Answer 43

Infrared- remote controls Microwaves- mobile phones Visible light- cameras

Question 44

Doppler effect

Answer 44

Source of wave is moving relative to the observer, the observed wavelength and frequency will change

Question 45

Red shift

Answer 45

Light from galaxies (moving away) | Long wavelength

Question 46

Big Bang theory

Answer 46

World started as an infinite point of density and has been expanding ever since

Question 47

CMBR

Answer 47

Radiation present after the beginning of the universe