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Physics P1 > P1 > Flashcards

P1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Solid particles

A

Fixed shape
Cannot take the shape of their container
Vibrate
Can’t compress

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2
Q

Liquid particles

A

Take the shape of their container
Hard to compress
Move
Close together

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3
Q

Gas particles

A

Easy to compress
Take shape of container
Move randomly

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4
Q

Properties of dark Matt surfaces

A

Good emitters and absorbers of infrared radiation

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5
Q

Properties of light and shiny surfaces

A

Poor emitters and absorbers of infrared radiations

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6
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy need to heat 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

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7
Q

Why are metals good conductors of heat?

A

Because they have free electrons that move and carry energy

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8
Q

Evaporation

A

Liquid turns into gas

Liquid particles gain enough energy to become gas

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9
Q

Insulation

A

Large spaces between particles reduce heat movement

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10
Q

What is U value?

A

How affective a material is as an insulator

The lower the U value, the better the insulator

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11
Q

How are vacuum flasks designed to reduce heat transfer?

A

Plastic top- conduction, convection, evaporation
Vacuum- conduction and convection
Glass walls- conduction and radiation
Plastic support- conduction

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12
Q

What happens during energy transfers?

A

Energy is wasted

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13
Q

What does the power of an appliance tell us?

A

How much energy is transferred per second

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14
Q

What are fossil fuels? What are some disadvantages and advantages?

A 
Coal, oil and gas 
DIS
Non renewable 
acid rain 
Global warming 
AD
reliable 
Cheap 
Lots of electricity
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15
Q

How do fossil fuels generate electricity?

A

Fossil fuels burnt
Creates steam
Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

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16
Q

What is start up time?

A

How long it takes for a power station to produce electricity

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17
Q

What is carbon capture and storage?

A

Stopping co2 from being released into the atmosphere
Pumped underground and stored
Expensive

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18
Q

Biofuels

A

Trees convert light energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis
Burnt
Creates steam
Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

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19
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels

A 
AD 
Renewable 
Reliable 
DIS 
harmful to habitats 
Food crops used
20
Q

Hydroelectric power

A

Damn a river
Water flows into turbine
Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

21
Q

AD and DIS of hydroelectric

A 
AD 
renewable 
No CO2 
DIS 
expensive 
Destructive to habitats
22
Q

Wave power

A

Column containing turbine and generator
Waves force air up and down
Turbine moves
Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

23
Q

AD and DIS of wave power

A 
AD 
Renewable 
No co2 
DIS 
unreliable 
Noisy
24
Q

Tidal power

A 
Tidal barrage 
Higher tide- barrage opens 
Water fills estuary 
Low tide- water flows to turbine 
Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator
25
Q

AD and DIS of tidal

A 
AD
Renewable 
No CO2 
DIS 
Destructive 
Expensive
26
Q

Wind power

A

Wind turbines

Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

27
Q

AD and DIS of wind power

A 
AD 
no CO2 
Renewable 
DIS 
noisyvisual pollution
28
Q

Solar power

A

Solar cells convert sun energy into electrical energy

29
Q

AD and DIS of solar

A 
AD 
renewable 
No CO2 
DIS 
expensive 
Unreliable
30
Q

Nuclear power

A

N piwerplant contains N reactor
NR contains fuel rods of plutonium and uranium which undergo NF which releases heat energy
Water into steam
Steam Connects to a turbine which switches on the generator

31
Q

AD and DIS of nuclear

A 
AD 
reliable 
No CO2
DIS 
expensive 
Non renewable
32
Q

The national grid

A

Transformers and high voltage cables

33
Q

Step up transformers

A

Increase voltage so less energy is lost

34
Q

Step down transformers

A

Reduce voltage so it isn’t too high

Passed to homes

35
Q

AD and DIS of over head transmission cables

A 
AD 
cheap 
Easy to access 
DIS 
visual pollution 
Weather damages
36
Q

AD and DIS of underground transmission cables

A 
AD 
Isn't damaged by weather 
Not VP 
DIS 
hard to access 
Expensive
37
Q

Transverse

A

Direction of energy is perpendicular to the oscillations

38
Q

Longitudinal

A

Direction of energy is parallel to the oscillations

39
Q

Sound waves

A

Small amplitude- quiet
High frequency- high pitch
Need a medium to travel through

40
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A 
Gamma 
X rays 
Ultra violet 
Light (visable)
Infrared 
Microwaves
Radio waves
41
Q

Refraction

A

Light changes in direction when it changes speed

42
Q

Diffraction

A

When waves spread out as the pass through a gap

43
Q

Communication with waves

A

Infrared- remote controls
Microwaves- mobile phones
Visible light- cameras

44
Q

Doppler effect

A

Source of wave is moving relative to the observer, the observed wavelength and frequency will change

45
Q

Red shift

A

Light from galaxies (moving away)

Long wavelength

46
Q

Big Bang theory

A

World started as an infinite point of density and has been expanding ever since

47
Q

CMBR

A

Radiation present after the beginning of the universe

Physics P1 (1 decks)

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