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GCSE AQA physics combined > P1,2&3 energy > Flashcards

P1,2&3 energy Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a system

A

an object or group of objects

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2
Q

what happens when a system changes

A

there are changes in the way that energy is stored

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3
Q

what is internal energy

A

the total kinetic and potential energy

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4
Q

what is the conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed

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5
Q

how do you reduce unwanted energy transfers

A

lubrication
thermal insulation

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6
Q

what is meant by thermal conductivity

A

how well a material conducts energy when heated

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7
Q

what are the two walls of a house called

A

external brick wall
internal breezeblock wall

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8
Q

what keeps houses warm

A

insulating material which a a very low thermal conductivity and reduces overall thermal conductivity of the wall by over 10x

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9
Q

why do houses have double glazed windows

A

they have a very low thermal conductivity so less heat escapes

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10
Q

what is loft insulation

A

a material with a low thermal conductivity so less thermal energy passes through

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11
Q

what is the equation for power

A

power = energy / time

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12
Q

why can no device be more than 100% efficient

A

you cant get more energy than you put in

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13
Q

how would you investigate the heat capacity of materials

A

measure start temperature
switch on electric heater
measure end temperature
measure voltage and current to find power
repeat using different liquids
calculate specific heat capacity

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14
Q

what is the specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by 1 degree Celsius

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15
Q

what are earths main energy resources

A

fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas),
nuclear fuel,
bio-fuel,
wind,
hydroelectricity,
geothermal, the tides,
the Sun and water waves

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16
Q

what is a renewable energy source

A

an energy source which can be replenished

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17
Q

what is a non renewable energy source

A

energy sources which will eventually run out

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18
Q

what are the uses of energy resources

A

heating
transport
electricity generation

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19
Q

what happens in a closed system

A

total energy never changes but it can be transferred from one store to another

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20
Q

what are the energy transfers when an object is projected upwards

A

kinetic energy to gravitational potential

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21
Q

what are the energy transfers when an object hits an obstacle

A

kinetic energy to thermal and sound energy

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22
Q

what are the energy transfers when a car is accelerating

A

chemical to kinetic

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23
Q

what are the energy transfers when a car brakes

A

kinetic to thermal

24
Q

what are the energy transfers when water boils in a kettle

A

electrical to thermal

25
Q

what are the main uses of biofuel

A

transport and electricity generation

26
Q

what are the disadvantages of biofuel

A

large areas of land are needed can be at the expense of crops in poorer countries

27
Q

what are the advantages of biofuel

A

it is a renewable energy source

28
Q

what are the main uses of wind

A

electricity generation

29
Q

what are the disadvantages of wind turbines

A

not a constant source of energy
noisy
some people think they ruin the countryside

30
Q

hat are the advantages of wind turbines

A

its a renewable energy source

31
Q

what are the main uses of hydro electricity

A

electricity generation

32
Q

what are the advantages of hydroelectricity

A

renewable

33
Q

what are the disadvantages of hydroelectricity

A

large areas of land must be flooded
alters ecosystems
displaces people living there

34
Q

what are the main uses of geothermal

A

heating
electricity generation

35
Q

what are the advantages of geothermal

A

renewable

36
Q

what are the disadvantages of geothermal

A

only available in a limited number of places

37
Q

what are the main uses of tidal

A

electricity generation

38
Q

what are the advantages of tidal

A

renewable

39
Q

what are the disadvantages of tidal

A

can alter habitats variation in tide can affect output

40
Q

what are the main uses of solar

A

electricity generation
heating

41
Q

what are the advantages of solar

A

renewable

42
Q

what are the disadvantages of solar

A

depends on light intensity
expensive

43
Q

what are the main uses of water waves

A

electricty generation

44
Q

what are the advantages of water waves

A

renewable

45
Q

what are the disadvantages of wtaer waves

A

unreliable
alter habitats

46
Q

what are the main uses of nuclear fuel

A

electricity generation and military support

47
Q

what are the disadvantages of nuclear fuel

A

produces radioactive waste
costly to build
non renewable

48
Q

what are the advantages of nuclear fuel

A

reliable

49
Q

what are the main uses of coal

A

heating transport
electricty

50
Q

what are the advantages of coal

A

reliable

51
Q

what are the disadvantages of coal

A

greenhouse gases
acid rain

52
Q

what are the main uses of oil

A

transport
heating

53
Q

what are the advantage sof oil

A

reliable
provides compact source of energy for transport

54
Q

hat are the disadvantages of oil

A

environmental damage

55
Q

what are the main uses of gas

A

heating
electricity
transport

56
Q

hat are the advantages of gas

A

reliable

57
Q

what are the disadvantages of gas

A

produces carbon dioxide

GCSE AQA physics combined (7 decks)

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