P1 Flashcards
What is Energy?
The ability to do work.
What is a Chemical Energy store?
The energy stored in chemical bonds between molecules.
What is a Kinetic Energy store?
The energy of a moving object.
What is a Gravitational Potential Energy store?
The energy of an object at height.
What is a Thermal Energy store?
The total energy of the particles in an object.
What is a Elastic Potential Energy store?
The energy stored in an object when it is stretched or squashed.
What is a Magnetic Energy store?
The energy stored:
When repelling poles are brought close together.
When attracting poles have been pulled further apart.
What is an Electrostatic Energy store?
The energy stored:
When repelling charges have been brought closer together.
When attracting charges have been brought closer together.
What is a Nuclear Energy store?
The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.
Examples of Chemical Energy stores:
Batteries,
Food,
Fuel,
Muscles.
Examples of Kinetic Energy stores:
Runners, Buses.
Examples of Gravitational Potential Energy stores:
Aeroplanes,
Mugs on a table,
Balls in the air.
Examples of Thermal Energy stores:
Hot coffee,
Human body.
Examples of Elastic Potential Energy stores:
Elastic band, Spring.
Examples of Magnetic Energy stores:
Fridge magnets, Compasses.
Examples of Electrostatic Energy stores:
Van de Graaff generator.
Examples of Nuclear Energy stores:
Nuclear Recator
What is the law of the Conservation of Energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one store to another.
What are the 5 types of Energy Transfers?
Heating,
Mechanical,
Radiation: Light and Sound,
Electrical
What is a closed system?
A system that does not allow the transfer of matter or energy in or out of it.
What is an open system?
A system that allows the transfer of matter and energy in or out of it.
What happens to the energy in a closed system?
Total energy in = Total energy out
What is energy measured in?
Joules
What is Work?
The amount of energy transferred when a force moves.
What is the formula for Work?
Work (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
What is the formula for Gravitational Potential Energy?
Gravitational Potential Energy (Mass (kg) x Acceleration of Gravity (N/kg OR m/s^2) x Change in Height (m)
What is the Formula for Kinetic Energy?
Kinetic Energy (J) = 1/2 x Mass (kg) x Velocity^2 (m/s)
What is the formula for Elastic Potential Energy?
Elastic Potential Energy (J) = 1/2 x Spring Constant (N/m) x Extension^2 (m)
What does Hooke’s Law state?
The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, provided its limit of proportionality is not exceeded.
Force (N) = Spring Constant (N/m) x Change in Extension (m)
What is Useful Energy?
Energy transferred to where it is wanted and in the form that it is wanted.
What is Wasted Energy?
Energy that is not usefully transferred.
What is Energy Efficiency?
The proportion of energy that is wasted.
What is the formula for Energy Efficiency?
Energy Efficiency = Useful Output Energy / Total Input Energy
What is the formula for Power?
Power (W) = Energy (J) / Time (s)
What is the formula for Wasted Power?
Wasted Power = Total Power In - Useful Power Out
