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IR > P1 > Flashcards

P1 Flashcards

1
Q

○ IR procedures started, with the use of needles and
contrast to
○ highlight an artery.

A

1930’s

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2
Q

Mason Jones pioneered transbrachial selective coronary angiography on what year

A

1960’s

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3
Q

pioneered transbrachial selective coronary angiography

A

Mason Jones

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4
Q

introduced coronary angiography

A

Melvin Judkins

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5
Q

introduced visceral angiography

A

Charles Dotter

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6
Q

○ transfemoral angiography entering an artery in the
thigh of selective
○ visceral heart and head arteries were developed.

A

1960’s

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7
Q

Refers to the opacification of vessels through injection of contrast media

A

ANGIOGRAPHY

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8
Q

described a method of arterial access in which a catheter was used.

A

Sven Ivar Seldinger

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9
Q

On what year Sven Ivar Seldinger
described a method of arterial access in which a catheter was used.

A

1953

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10
Q

The _____ is an 18 Gauge hollow needle with a stylet.

A

Seldinger needle

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11
Q

○ allow the safe introduction of the catheter into the vessel.

A

GUIDE WIRES

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12
Q

Conventional guide wires are ___, fabricated with stainless steel, and coated with materials that are designed to reduce friction.

A

145cm long

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13
Q

○ a thin flexible tube that is inserted into a blood vessel, where in the contrast media is then injected to visualize the vessels.

A

CATHETERS

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14
Q

After the catheter placement ____ is then used

A

contrast media

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15
Q

are used to monitor the patient

A

ECG, BP, and Pulse Oximeter

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16
Q

○ has a small target angle, a large diameter massive anode disc and cathodes designed for magnification and serial radiography

A

x-ray tube

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17
Q

2 integral parts of IR

A

Interventional
Fluoroscopy and Radiography

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18
Q

○ is used for guidance and documentation of the progress and steps taken.

A

FLUOROSCOPY AND RADIOGRAPHY

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19
Q

● real time x-ray imaging technique
● uses an image intensifier tube that is linked to a monitor

A

CONVENTIONAL FLUOROSCOPY

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20
Q

Differs from conventional fluoroscopy in the imaging system. Can perform DSA.

A

DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPY.

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21
Q

Is when two radiographic images of the same subject/area are obtained under different conditions and one is subtracted from the other, only the difference of the two images are displayed.

A

Image subtraction

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22
Q

● Is also called dual energy imaging technique, uses two X-ray beams to produce images of soft tissue and bone
tissue separately.

A

ENERGY SUBTRACTION

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23
Q

● Involves the use of two images obtained at different times, with an interval ranging from seconds to years.

A

TEMPORAL SUBTRACTION

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24
Q

Combines the advantages of temporal and dual energy subtraction techniques to achieve simultaneous elimination of overly bone, soft tissue, and motion induced artifacts.

A

HYBRID SUBTRACTION

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25
Q

● 3 phase, 12 pulse, 100 kW low ripple generator is needed to operate the IR suite/DF.

A

HIGH VOLTAGE GENERATOR

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26
Q

are more massive, flexible and massive than that required for conventional radiographic and fluoroscopic imaging.

A

Angio interventional suites

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27
Q

has a small angle, diameter massive anode disk and cathode designed and serial
radiography.

A

Angio Interventional tubes

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28
Q

● A complex electronic device that receives the image forming x-ray beam and converts it to a visible light image of high intensity.

A

IMAGE INTENSIFIER.

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29
Q

are grown as tiny needles, they are packed tightly 100-200ųm, results In microlight pipes with little dispersion and excellent spatial resolution.

A

CSI crystals

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30
Q

bonded directly to the input phosphor, with a transparent adhesive.

A

PHOTOCATHODE

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31
Q

● devices that are responsible for focusing the electrons, are located along the length of the image intensifier tube.

A

ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING LENS

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32
Q

the component of the Image Intensifier Tube that converts the electrons emitted by the photocathode to light photons.

A

OUTPUT PHOSPHOR

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33
Q

the active material of the output
phosphor.

A

Zinc Cadmium Sulfide

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34
Q

the ratio of the numbers of the light photons emitted by the output phosphor to the number of light photons
emitted by the input phosphor.

A

Flux gain

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35
Q

Is the ability of the image intensifier tube to increase the illumination level of the image.

A

Brightness gain

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36
Q

The square of the input phosphor to the output phosphor area.

A

MINIFICATION GAIN

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37
Q

○ The image intensifier is coupled directly to a television camera tube.

A

TELEVISION MONITORING

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38
Q

• Refers to the layout of cells in rows and columns.
• Each cell corresponds to a specific location in the image.

A

Image Matrix

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39
Q

● each cell of the image matrix
● pixel value determines the pixel brightness

A

Pixel

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40
Q
  • is a subspecialty which provides minimally
    invasive diagnosis and /or treatment using
    imaging (ultrasound, CT, or fluoroscopy) to
    target the intervention and show the results of the intervention.
A

Interventional radiology

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41
Q

It is a process that intervenes or interferes
with the course of a disease process or other medical condition.

A

Interventional radiology

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42
Q

It allows the angiographer, a specially trained radiologist to assume an important role in the management and reduction of disease in many patients.

A

Interventional radiology

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43
Q

Interventional radiology is also known as

A

Image- Guided Surgery or Surgical Radiology

44
Q

is a subspecialty of Radiology, in which minimally invasive procedures are performed using image guidance. Some of these procedures are done for purely diagnostic purposes, while others are done for treatment purposes.

A

Image- Guided Surgery or
Surgical Radiology,

45
Q

Who composes the angiography team?

A

o interventional radiologist
o radiographer
o nurse

46
Q
  • The radiologic examination of vessels after the introduction of a contrast medium.
A

ANGIOGRAPHY

47
Q

refers to the opacification of vessels through injection of contrast media.

A

Angiography

48
Q
  • a tool to diagnose CAD (coronary artery
    disease) in acute heart failure
A

Coronary Angiography

49
Q

POST MORTEM INJECTION OF MERCURY
SALTS IN

50
Q

Interventional radiologic procedures began
in ____ with angiography.

51
Q

In early 1960s ____ pioneered trans brachial selective coronary angiography

A

Mason Jones

52
Q

Later in 1960s ____ was developed.

A

transfemoral angiography

53
Q

In ____, ____ described a method for
catheterization of vessels.

A

1953, Seldinger

54
Q
  • to treat a disease that is endovascular
    (inside blood vessels) and has become an
    alternative to vascular surgery for some
    conditions such as abdominal aortic
    aneurysm and peripheral artery disease
A

Vascular interventional radiology techniques

55
Q
  • also known as Seldinger wire technique, is a medical procedure to obtain safe access to blood vessels and other hollow organs.
A

The Seldinger technique

56
Q

It is named after Dr. Sven-Ivar Seldinger
(1921-1998), a Swedish radiologist who
introduced the procedure in 1953.

A

The Seldinger technique

57
Q

3 vessels considered:

A

▪ Femoral – preferred site for arterial (size + accessibility)
▪ Brachial
▪ Axillary

58
Q
  • one of the categories of medical tools which enter the skin, called sharps is a very thin, hollow tube with one sharp tip. It is
    commonly used with a syringe.
A

Hypodermic needle

59
Q

used for rapid delivery of liquids. It is also
useful to deliver certain medications that
cannot be delivered orally due to vomiting.

A

Hypodermic needle

60
Q
  • Refer to the diameter of the needle
A

Needle Gauge

61
Q
  • flat, slanted surface near the point.
62
Q
  • The end of the needle that attaches the
    syringe
63
Q
  • The Sharp end of the needle
64
Q

The hollow core of the needle that form an
oval shaped opening at the beveled point.

65
Q
  • The hollow steel tube that runs the entire
    length of the needle.
66
Q
  • Atubular, flexible instrument, passed
    through body channels for introduction and withdrawal of fluids or guide wire into a body cavity.
A

ANGIOGRAPHIC CATHETER

67
Q

is the key equipment for percutaneous angiography.

A

angiographic catheter

68
Q
  • used for femoral approach to
    brachiocephalic vessels.
A

H1 or Head hunter tip

69
Q

-is highly curved
- for sharply angled vessels–cerebral and
visceral angiography.

A

Simmons catheter

70
Q
  • has angled tip joined to a gentle curve—
    celiac, renal & mesenteric arteries.
A

C2 or Cobra catheter

71
Q
  • Right (lesser curve) & left (greater curve) for right & left coronary arteries.
A

Judkins catheters

72
Q
  • Right & left coronary arteries
A

Amplatz catheters

73
Q
  • Stainless steel metallic structures that guide the catheter through the blood vessels for placement.
A

Guide Wires

74
Q

Used for both Cardiology and Radiology
angiographic procedures

A

Guide wires

75
Q

▪ Simple 18 guage angiographic puncture
needle - one-piece open needle with a sharp beveled tip.

76
Q

▪ Diagnostic agents that are instilled into body orifices or injected into the vascular system, joints and ducts to enhance subject contrast in anatomic areas where there is low subject contrast

A

CONSTRAST MEDIA

77
Q
  • It is specifically designed to accommodate
    the quantity of equipment needed & the
    large number of people involved in the
    procedure.
A

INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY SUITE

78
Q
  • a highly skilled Interventionalist uses
    needles, catheters, and special medical
    devices (balloons, coils, guidewires) to
    produce an improvement or to intervene
    with the disease.
A

Interventional

79
Q
  • is use for guidance and documentation of the progress and steps taken.
A

Fluoroscopy and radiography

80
Q
  • real time x-ray imaging technique
  • uses an image intensifier tube that is linked to a monitor.
A

Conventional Flouroscopy

81
Q
  • Differs from conventional fluoroscopy in the imaging system.
  • Can perform DSA.
A

Digital Flouroscopy

82
Q

▪ produces dynamic images obtained with an
area x-ray beam
▪ multiple monitors
▪ more complex operating console
▪ right monitors: modules for entering patient
details

A

Digital Fluoroscopy (DF)

83
Q

is a storage-type camera tube in which a charge-density pattern is formed by the imaged scene radiation on a
photoconductive surface which is then
scanned by a beam of low-velocity electrons.

84
Q
  • used to identify a digital x-ray imaging system that produces a series of dynamic images obtained with an area x-ray beam and image intensifier
A

Digital Fluoroscopy (DF)

85
Q
  • refers to the static images produced with
    either a fan x-ray beam intercepted by a
    linear array of radiation detectors or an area x-ray beam intercepted by a light stimulated phosphor plate
A

Digital Radiography (DR)

86
Q
  • If two radiographic images of the same
    subject are obtained under different
    conditions and one is subtracted from the
    other, only the differences between the two images are displayed.
A

IMAGE SUBTRACTION

87
Q
  • a technique that superimposes a live
    fluoroscopic image over a previously stored
    angiogram.
A

ROAD MAPPING

88
Q
  • based on the well-established fact that the
    attenuation properties of all materials are
    functions of the energy of the incident x-ray beam. It Is also called dual energy imaging technique, uses two X-ray beams to produce images of soft tissue and bone tissue separately.
A

Energy subtraction

89
Q
  • involves the use of two images obtained at different times, with the interval ranging
    from seconds to years.
A

Temporal subtraction

90
Q
  • combines the advantages of temporal and
    dual-energy subtraction techniques to
    achieve simultaneous elimination of
    overlying bone, soft tissue, and motion
    induced artifacts.
A

Hybrid subtraction

91
Q
  • Condition in which the images on the
    radiograph are larger than the object they
    represent.
A

MAGNIFICATION

92
Q
  • A complex electronic device that receives the image forming x-ray beam and converts it to visible light image of high intensity.
A

IMAGE INTENSIFIER

93
Q

are grown as tiny needles and are tightly packed in a layer of approximately 300 μm.

A

Cesium Iodide (CsI) crystals

94
Q
  • bonded directly to the input phosphor with a thin, transparent, adhesive layer
A

Photocathode

95
Q
  • is electron emission after light stimulation
A

Photoemission

96
Q

is a circular plate with a hole in
the middle to allow the electrons through to the output phosphor

97
Q
  • engineering aspects of maintaining proper
    electron travel
A

Electron optics

98
Q
  • Device responsible for focusing the visible
    light and located along the length of the
    image intensifier tube
A

ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING LENS

99
Q
  • a material for output phosphor
A

Zinc cadmium sulfide

100
Q
  • The ratio of the number of light photons at the output phosphor to the number of x-rays at the input phosphor
101
Q

= Number of output light
photons/Number of input x-ray photons

102
Q
  • is the ratio of the square of the input
    phosphor to the square of the diameter of
    the input phosphor to the square of the
    diameter of the output phosphor
A

Minification gain

103
Q
  • the ability of the image intensifier tube to
    increase the illumination level of the image
A

Brightness Gain

104
Q

Minification gain x Flux gain

A

Brightness Gain

105
Q

uses an interlace mode where 2 fields of
262½ lines each were read in 1/60 secs (17
milliseconds) to form a 525-line video frame in 1/30 seconds (33ms)

A

Conventional

106
Q

uses a progressive mode where the electron beam of the television camera tube sweeps the target assembly continuously from top to bottom in 33 milliseconds

107
Q
  • refers to a layout of cells in rows and columns
A

Image Matrix

IR (2 decks)

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