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P1 Flashcards

1
Q

Published Les Teignes; father of Medical Mycology

A

Raymond Saboraud

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2
Q

multicellular members of the plant kingdom and are referred to as thallophyte
usually filamentous- branched- somatic structure surrounded by the true cell wall

A

Fungi

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3
Q

5 characteristics of fungi

A
  1. achlorophyllous
  2. ubquitous
  3. saphrophytes
  4. grows in an acidic environment
  5. resistant to cold and are easily killed by high temp
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4
Q

2 basic fundamental structures of fungi

A

hyphae and spores

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5
Q

2 morphologic forms of fungi

A

yeast and mold

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6
Q

produce moist, creamy opaque, or pasty colonies (0.5-3.0 mm)

A

yeast

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7
Q

single-celled/unicellular structures with a thick cell wall
most reproduce by asexual budding, few by binary fission

A

yeast

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8
Q

multicellular filamentous colonies; filamentous colonies: fluffy, cottony, wooly or powdery

A

mold

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9
Q

the basic structural unit of mold

A

hyphae

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10
Q

hyphae can be divided into: (3)

A

septate, aseptate or coenocytic, and mycelium

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11
Q

morph:
curved, freely branching and antler in appearance

A

antler hyphae or favic chandelier

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12
Q

enlarged, club shaped with the smaller end attached to the large end of the adjacent club-shaped strands

A

racquet hyphae

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13
Q

coiled or corkscrew seen within hyphal strands, frequently found in dermatophytes

A

spiral hyphae

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14
Q

capability of an organism to grow MORE THAN ONE form under different environment
ex. Sporothrix schenkii

A

Dimorphic fungi

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15
Q

perfect fungus; is associated with the formation of specialized structures that facilitates fertilization and nuclear fission resulting in the formation of specialized spores

A

sexual (teleomorph)

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16
Q

fusion of identical cells

A

zygospores/zygomycetes

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17
Q

enclosed in a specific sac called ascus (asci)

A

ascopores/ascomycetes

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18
Q

fusion of non-identical cells from the same hyphae

A

oospores

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19
Q

fungus imperfecti; seen in most fungi

A

asexual (anamorph)

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20
Q

derived from the cells of the thallus or body of the fungi

A

thalospores

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21
Q

give examples of species that belonged to blastospores

A

Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans

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22
Q

buds formed by the budding process, sprouting from the surface of the parent cell

A

blastospores

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23
Q

arise by fragmentation of the ends of hyphae at the point of septation; SQUARE BARREL-SHAPED thick walled cells

A

arthospores/arthroconidia

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24
Q

hyphal cell SEPARATE from one another to form flat ended spores
ex. Geotrichum candidum

A

Oidia

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25
Q

enlarged, round unicellular, thick-walled structures that are formed during unfavorable conditions; formed by the enlargement of a hyphal cell

A

chlamydospores/chlamydoconidia

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26
Q

3 types of chlamydospores/chlamydoconidia

A

terminal, intercallary, sessile

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27
Q

born internally within the sac called “sporangium” which develops at the tip of the sporangiophore

A

sporangiospores

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28
Q

asexual spores produces singly or in groups by specialized branched called conidiophore
Aspergillus and Penicillium

A

conidia

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29
Q

small, unicellular conidia, round, pyriform, or pear-shaped

A

microconidia or microaleriospores

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30
Q

large, multicellular, multi-septate, clavate or spindle shaped
echinulate-rough and spiny

A

macroconida/mmacroaleriospores

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31
Q

in this medium, observe for: hyphae, budding yeast cells or any mycelial filaments

A

KOH

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32
Q

for identification of Cryptococus neoformans
look for ENCASULATED yeast cells
follows NEGATIVE staining

A

India ink

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33
Q

-uses AMAN medium
-preserves and stains fungi (shades of blue)
-contains lactic acid, phenol and cotton bue
-observe for spores, yeast cells and hyphae

A

Lactophenol Cotton Blue

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34
Q

uses flourescence (2)

A

calcaflour white, wood’s lamp (bright yellow green under UV light)

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35
Q

all fungi in Gram stain are:

A

positive

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36
Q

best for visualizing fungi in skin scraping or tissue; if dematiaceous, appears brown or black

A

PAS

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37
Q

-gridley, gomori-methenamine silver
-H. capsulatum

A

Wright stain or Giemsa

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38
Q

best stain for Blastomycosis dermatitidis

A

Papanicolau

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39
Q

ideal for Tinea versicolor

A

acridine orange

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40
Q

-useful in the diff. og Nocardia fro Actinomyces
- Nocardia are acid-fast

A

Acid fast stain

41
Q

state the diseases that belonged to superficial mycoses: (6)

A
  1. keratomycosis (keratitis/keratomycosis)
  2. otomycosis (mycotic otitis externa)
  3. pityriasis versicolor
  4. tinea nigra
  5. black piedra
  6. white piedra
42
Q

What is the etiological agent of Pityriasis versicolor?

A

Malasezzia furfur

43
Q

Provide the disease
-spaghetti and meatballs appearance
-hypopigmented macules

A

Pityriasis versicolor

44
Q

Provide the disease and the etiliogical agent:
-black macules
-black, 2-celled oval yeasts in skin scrapings

A

Tinea nigra; Exophiala wernickii

45
Q

Disease and etiologic agent:
-black NODULES on HAIR shaft composed of spore sacs and spores

A

Black Piedra; Piedraia hortae

46
Q

-major cause of blindness
-white corneal plaques with the development of satellite lesions and endothelial plaques
-common with contact lens users

A

Keratomycosis

47
Q

Yeast: yeast cells with strands of pseudohyphae
Filamentous: clear septate hyphae

A

Keratomycosis

48
Q

Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes and cause the membrane to become leaky

49
Q

Amphotericin B, Natamycin

50
Q

inhibits CYP P450 14-a demethylase enzyme involved in the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol

A

Azoles: Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Voriconazole

51
Q

causes faulty RNA synthesis and non-competitive inhibitor of thymidylate synthesis

A

Pyrmidines: Flusytosines

52
Q

Ergosterol Biosynthesis inhibitor

A

Allylamines; Terbinafine

53
Q

Cell wall and D-glucan synthesis inhibitors

A

Echinocandins: Capsofungin, Micafungin

54
Q

chronic fungal infection of the outer ear canal

A

otomycsis/ mycotic otitis externa

55
Q

other name of piedras:

A

chignon disease, tinea nodosa, biegel’s disease

56
Q

-occurs on scalp
-Piedraia hortae
-black nodules resembling nits of lice
-septate dematiaceous hyphae
-open nodules containing OVAL ASCI with 8 ascospores

A

BLACK PIEDRA

57
Q

-facial and genital hairs
-Trichosporon beigelii
-white nodules larger and softer
-septate and dematiaceous
-tend to break in ARTHOSPORES

A

WHITE PIEDRA

58
Q

other names of Tinea nigra:

A

Keratomycosis nigricans palmaris/ Tinea nigra palmaris/ Pityriasis nigra/ Microsporis nigra

59
Q

-superficial inffection on the palm of the hands or the sole of foot
-KOH: strongly dematiaceous septate hyphae

A

Tinea nigra

60
Q

Etiologic agent of Tinea nigra:

A

Cladosporium wernickii or Hortae or Exophiala or Phaeoannellomyces werneckii

61
Q

-patchy brown desquamating rash involving mainly the trunk, arms, shoulder and facee, “blotchy” appearance
- “spaghetti and meatbballs appearance”

A

Pityriasis versicolor

62
Q

what was the first fungi that was described by Leber that causes Keratomycosis

A

Aspergillus spp.

63
Q

keratin as a source of nitrogen but are usually INCAPABLE of penetrating the subcutaneous tissues

A

Cutaneous mycoses/Dermatomycoses

64
Q

-ringworm infection of the inguinal area
-jock itch

A

Tinea cruris

65
Q

feet- athlete’s foot

A

Tinea pedis

66
Q

Scalp ringworm

A

Tinea capitis

67
Q

Barber’s itch

A

Tinea barbae

68
Q

affects hair and skin

A

Microsporum

69
Q

affects the hair, skin, and nails

A

Trichophyton

70
Q

affects the skin and nails

A

Epidermophyton

71
Q

-nail (onchomycosis)
-most often due to Trichophyton rubrum and T. interdigitale

A

Tinea unguim

72
Q

Tinea manus is infection affecting what part of the body?

73
Q

Treatment for Tinea corporis

A

Topical azole

74
Q

-ECTOthrix
-yellow green fluorescence except M. gypseum

A

Microsporum

75
Q

-anthropophilicc
-GR: 2 weeks
Microscopic ID: sterile hyphae, TERMINAL chlamydospore, FAVIC chandelier, and pectinate bodies

A

Microsporum audonii

76
Q

Colony: downy white to salmon pink

A

Microsporum audonii

77
Q

-zoophilic
-caused of ringworm in dogs and cats
-GR: 1 week
-Colony: white and fluffy; reverse canary yellow pigment, BOAT SHAPED
-8-12 septa

A

Microsporum canis

78
Q

-geophilic
-GR: 1 week
-Colony: Mold and cottony light brown “cinnamon powdery” color

A

Microsporum gypseum

79
Q

Differential medium for M. gypseum and M. canis (+)

A

Rice medium

80
Q

-anthropophilic
-GR: 1 week
-“BAMBOO” hyphae

A

Microsporum ferruggineum

81
Q

-worldwide cause of athlete’s foot
- urease (+) in CHRISTENSEN MEDIUM
- GR: 7-10 days
- Macroconidia:CIGAR SHAPED
- Microconidia: engrappe

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

82
Q

COLONY: White to pinkish granular and fluffy varieties
-CATTLES
- V-shaped penetration on hair shaft (+)

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

83
Q

-caused of long established foot and toe nail infections
-FASTEST growing dermatophytes
-GR: 2 days
-UREASE (-)
- v-shaped penetration on hair shaft (-)

84
Q

Macrroconidia: pencil shape
Microconidia: “tear-drop”
Colony: white to pink granular; UGAL folds are common
Yellow-Wine red

A

Trichophyton rubrum

85
Q

Differential medium; aids in the identification of T. rubrum (-) and T. mentagrophytes (+)

A

Dextrose Cornmeal Agar

86
Q

-anthropophilic EXCEPT T. verrucosum
-ecto or endothrix
- NO FLUORESCENCE in wood’s lamp

A

Trichophyton

87
Q

-Tinea imbracata
- Concentric/ring shaped in appearance
- ballon shaped chlamydoconidia

A

Trichophyton concentricum

88
Q
  • adult ringworm of the scalp (ALOPECIA)
  • GR: 7-10 days
  • Macroconidia: “balloon” forms
  • Microconidia: “tear-drop” club shaped with flat buttons
  • Colony: white, tan, yellow or rust, SUEDE-LIKE to powdery
A

Trichophyton tonsurans

89
Q
  • found in cattles
  • grows better at 35 degrees
  • 2-3 days
  • Macroconidia: rare; RAT TAIL
  • Microconidia: “tear-drop”
  • NOT ANTROPOPHILIC
A

Trichophyton verrucosum

90
Q
  • 2-3 weeks
  • BRANCHED TORTOUS HYPHAE
  • chlamydospore are usually aligned in chains
  • Colony: PORTWINE to deep VIOLET
A

Trichiophyton violaceum

91
Q

SLOWEST growing dermatophyte
2-3 weeks
hyphae seen as “FAVIC-CHANDELIERS”
Colony: irregular heaped, smooth white to cream colony with RADIATING GROOVES

A

Trichophyton shoenleinii

92
Q

COLONY: center is folded, and is KHAKI GREEN, periphery is yellow
“CLUB-SHAPED” macroconidia
no microconidia

A

Epidermophyton floccosum

93
Q

heterogenous group develop at the site of transcutaneous trauma

A

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

94
Q

heterogenous group develop at the site of transcutaneous trauma

A

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCCOSES

95
Q

Only fungus disease that can almost be diagnosed by clinical picture alone
Dimorphic
Yeast: Cigar shaped
Methenamine Silver Stain: “ASTEROID BODIES”
ROSETTE, DAISY-LIKE, BOUQUET LIKE
old-mold: sleeve formation

A

Sporotrichosis/ Rose Gardener’s Disease

96
Q

Etiologic agent of sporotrichosis

A

Sporothrix schenkii

97
Q

-warty tumor-like lesions
-“CAULIFLOWER LIKE’

A

Chromomycosis/Chromoblastomyosis/Verrucous dermatitidis

98
Q

Three Chromomycosis types:

A

Cladosporium, Phialopphora, Acrotheca

Mycology (1 decks)

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