P1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Specific Heat Capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

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2
Q

Define power

A

Rate at which energy is transferred

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3
Q

Describe energy changes involved when a ball is thrown upwards and then returns to its starting position ( 3 marks)

A

Upwards - KE transfers to GPE
Peak - Maximum GPE - zero KE
Downwards: GPE transferred to KE

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4
Q

Describe energy transfers for a bungee jumper ( 3 marks)

A

When falling, GPE transferred to KE
Cord tightens, KE transferred and stored as EPE
At lowest point, the jumper’s initial GPE = EPE stored in the cord

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5
Q

Explain why a bungee jumper slows down once the cord begins to stretch ( 2 marks)

A

KE decreases since it is converted to EPE
KE proportional to velocity squared as KE decreases, velocity decreases

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6
Q

3 examples of chemical energy stores

A

Food
Fuel
Batteries

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7
Q

What is the law of energy conservation

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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8
Q

State changes in the total energy of any action

A

total energy of the system remains constant due to conservation of energy

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9
Q

What is waste energy

A

Energy that is not used for its desired purpose

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10
Q

Describe the energy changes that occur in a filament light-bulb ( 2 marks)

A

Electrical energy is transferred into light and heat energy
Light is a useful energy form, heat is waste energy

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11
Q

How can efficiency of a system be increased?

A

Reducing waste output via lubrication, thermal insulation
Recycling waste output

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12
Q

Do double-glazed windows have a higher or lower thermal conductivity than single-glazed windows

A

Lower, meaning less energy transfers through them

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13
Q

What factors affect the rate of cooling of a building ( 2 marks)

A

Thickness of the walls
Thermal conductivity of the wall

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14
Q

3 ways to reduce heat loss in a building

A

double glazing
loft and wall insulation
thicker walls

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15
Q

How can the efficiency of a mechanical machine with moving parts be improved? ( 2 marks)

A

Lubricate any moving parts to reduce the friction and therefore energy loss due to heating

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16
Q

How can the efficiency of a radiator be improved ( 2 marks)

A

Installing metal foil sheets behind the radiator to reflect back the heat into the room

17
Q

What is a renewable energy resource?

A

Energy source which can be replenished as it used up

18
Q

Four examples of renewable energy resources

A

Wind energy
Hydro-electricity
Tidal energy
Solar energy

19
Q

Example of a non-renewable energy resource

A

Fossil fuels

20
Q

Four ways energy can be transferred

A

Mechanical
Electrical
Heat
Radiation

21
Q

Two advantages of generating power using gas rather than coal

A

Flexible generation - gas power stations can be switched on/off more readily
Lower emissions of carbon dioxide

22
Q

Two disadvantages of using renewable energy resources to generate power

A

Output often determined by external factors - supply uncertain
Generating power through other means is often more efficient and economically beneficial

23
Q

Three advantages of fossil fuels as an energy resource

A

Reliable - not dependent on external factors
Can produce large amounts of energy for a given quantity
still relatively abundant, so cost-effective

24
Q

Three advantages of nuclear power

A

Very large amounts of energy for relatively small quantities of fuel
Doesn’t release gg
Low fuel costs

25
Three disadvantages of nuclear power
Produces nuclear waste which is harmful to humans Non-renewable Risk of nuclear accidents - catastrophic consequences on humans and environment
26
Two disadvantage of biofuel
Large areas of land needed to grow fuel crops Habitats destroyed and food not grown
27
Three advantages of tidal energy source
Do not produce greenhouse gases Renewable Predictable due to consistency of tides
28
Two disadvantages of hydroelectric power
Dam may cause flooding Can cost a lot to install the required infrastructure
29
Three advantages of solar panels
No harm to the environment Renewable resource Can be used in remote areas where other types of energy are less accessible
30
Two disadvantages of solar panels
Making and installing solar panels is expensive Unreliable due to light intensity
31
What is a system
An object or group of objects
32
Two disadvantage of fossil fuels
Non-renewable Burning fossil fuels causes global warming and acid
33
Renewable and no waste products is the advantage for what energy sources
Waves Hydroelectric Wind Solar
34
Two advantages of biofuel
Renewable Carbon neutral
35
Two advantages of biofuel
Renewable Carbon neutral
36
Three disadvantages of wind energy
Unreliable - wind varies Visual and noise pollution Dangerous to migrating birds