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geog > p1 > Flashcards

p1 Flashcards

1
Q

state the main rock types in the uk

A

igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

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2
Q

igneous egs

A

granite

basalt

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3
Q

metamorphic egs

A

schist

slate

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4
Q

sedimentary egs

A

chalk

limestone

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5
Q

sedimentary characteristics

A

contain fossils

formed in layers

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6
Q

igneous characteristics

A

formed via crystals

impermeable

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7
Q

metamorphic characteristics

A

resistant to erosion

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8
Q

name 3 phy processes

A

weathering
river deposition
river erosion

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9
Q

whats hydraulic action

A

weight and impact of water erodes coastline

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10
Q

what r the 3 types of weathering

A

biological chemical mechaical

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11
Q

whats longshore drift

A

sediment is moved along the shore using swash

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12
Q

whats suspension

A

sand and small particles carried in the water flow

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13
Q

solution def in waer

A

minerals have eeroded and dissolved in waer

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14
Q

deposition on the coast explaind

A

strong swash but a weak backswash so sediment ids stuck

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15
Q

effects of stroms on the coast

A

mass sediment movement

sand dunes destroyed

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16
Q

coastal retereaet

A

the coast moves further in lad

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17
Q

hows a spit fromed

A

prevailing winds bring waves at angles ]
mats are depositied in shallow calmer waters
spit is formed curving in wind direction

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18
Q

3 coastla mane=agement methods

A

groynes sea wall rip rap

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19
Q

sea wall ws

A

protects cliffs but coasts 5/10k

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20
Q

rip rap ws

A

absorbs enery

cheap 1/3k

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21
Q

groynes ws

A

prevent movement of sediment
exposes other areas L
cheaper 2000 W

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22
Q

DIff between soft n hard engineering

A

soft is less dangerous and negative to env, helps to improve natural env
hard engineering changes env to make it man made, more effective

23
Q

name a mass movement process

A

sliding

24
Q

hows a plungw pool amde

A

abrasion

25
Q

whast abrasion

A

when small pebbles grind w big rocks

26
Q

how r levees made, netural flood defences

A

sediment left when flood occurs sits on bank

27
Q

hows an oxbow lake made

A

neck of meander is eroded and eventually the oxbow lake is cut off, looks like finesse shot

28
Q

hows urbanisation increases flooding

A

more water put into river via sewage

less permaeable surfaces so more a=surface run off takes plave

29
Q

hard engineering to stop floods egs

A

dAms and resovouris

30
Q

soft engineering egs to stop flooding

A

floodplain zonning(leave areas for floods to stop damage to cribs)

31
Q

what river do we study

A

RIver DEE WALES, formed near snowdonia

32
Q

where r ferrel celss found on lat

A

30, they r by us

33
Q

what drift warms us by 5c

A

n atlantic drfit

34
Q

name the milankoc=vic cycles

A

eccentric cycle, elliptical and central spins that change evry 100k years, lead to warmer colder years

axial tilt cycle, tilt changes every 40kyears, this warms or cools us dependant on locaion to sun

precession cycle, earth wobbles on axis, affects changes between seasons

35
Q

when was the medieval warm period

A

950-1000 ac

36
Q

when was the litttle iceages

A

1600- 85

37
Q

how do tropical cyclones form

A

27c plus air temp needed
rising warm air
area of low pressure
rotation to speed strom up

38
Q

charactheristics of A CYclone , s o the world

A

400km wide 10 km high

low pressure in the eye

39
Q

hurricane sandy facst

A

travelldd across caribbean sea
hit new jersey 29 oct 2012
129 km/h wind speed
posted on socail media

40
Q

taiphoon haiyan

A

killed 6k
600k homes destroyed
in phillipines

41
Q

responses to typhoon haiyan

A

who gave help to healtcare

42
Q

arid env characteristics

A

in tropics
>250mm riain a yr
high pressure
no clouds

43
Q

drought cahracterisitis

A

temp low precipitation conditions
drought is usually 15 days max/yr
high pressure, no cloud cover
located anywhere

44
Q

causes for arid and droughts

A

wATER cycle

hydrological, recieves less water

45
Q

cali drought 2012

A

animals died
2.7b/year costs cali govt
lots of land lost from farimng

46
Q

Ethiopia drrougth

A

longer journeys 4 water
reductipn i n crop yiled
mirgation out of the arera

47
Q

responses to ethiopo[i a drought

A

128m dollars in aid

awareness raised via live aid

48
Q

name all component s of the biosphere

A 
boreal
temparate
tropical
desert 
tundra
49
Q

how are rainforests distributed

A

along equator

50
Q

name a terrestrial ecosystem to the uk

A

woodlands

51
Q

name the layers in a rainforest, descending order

A

emergent
canopy
sub canopy
shrub layer

52
Q

causes of deforestation

A

population demands

53
Q

name abiotic components to a deciduous forest

A

rain,

geog (2 decks)

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