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GCSE Physics OCR A > P1 > Flashcards

P1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the diameter of an atom?

A

1 ✖️10^-10 meters

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2
Q

Why was it named ‘the atom’ ?

A

Back then was known to be the smallest thing(particle ) in nature

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3
Q

What was dalton’s theory?

A

🟣🔵🔴🟢🟣🟡🔴🟣
Atoms are tiny INDIVISIBLE particles
All matter was made from atoms
Atoms in an element are identical, different for each element
Billiard ball

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4
Q

What was the cathode ray experiment?

A

Cathode rays = metal heated up inside a magnetic field
The discovery of electrons
They came from inside the particles (not indivisible)

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5
Q

What was the plum pudding model

A

Overall a neutral atom:
Random electrons in a
cloud of positive charge- evenly spread throughout

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6
Q

What was the gold foil experiment?

A

Alpha particles were sent through gold foil
99% passed though
1% of this deflected

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7
Q

What is an alpha particle

A

2 protons
2 neutrons

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8
Q

What was Rutherford’s model of the atom?

A

The atom is mostly empty space
The majority of the mass is looted in the nucleus
The nucleus is positively charged
⚛️⚛️⚛️⚛️

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9
Q

What was Bohr model of the atom?

A

He suggested that atoms move in fixed orbit around the nucleus,
Orbits = electron shellls

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10
Q

What is the size of the nucleus of the atom?

A

1 ✖️10 **-15 meters

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11
Q

What is orders of magnitude ?

A

The size relative to the power of (x)

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12
Q

What is density?

A

A measure of how much matter is contained within a given volume

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13
Q

What is the density formula?

A

Density = mass➗volume
Kg/m 3 =kg ➗m3

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14
Q

Why are solids more dense than gas?

A

Particles spread out more and therefore have a higher volume

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15
Q

What is temperature?

A

A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance

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16
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

How fast particles are vibrating/ moving
Measured in J - joules

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17
Q

What are the units of temperature?
*conversion of the two

A

Kelvin or Celsius
273k = 1 🅾️C

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18
Q

What are physical changes ?

A

Eg : changes of state & dissolving
No new matter is produced
Particles just arranged differently
Easily reversible

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19
Q

What are chemical changes ?

A

Eg : burning & chemical reactions
New substances are produced
Difficult to reverse

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20
Q

How do you measure the volume of an irregular object?

A

Fill the eureka can to the top
Place object in
Make sure the spout is n a measuring beaker
The amount on the beaker is the volume

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21
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 kelvin.
A.K.A : how easy or difficult it is to change the temperature of a substance.
The lower SHC means less energy is required

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22
Q

What is the specific heat capacity equation?

A

E = m ✖️S.H.C✖️temperature change(ø)
J= kg ✖️J/kgk ✖️K / °c

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23
Q

In the S.H.C practical, how could you have it more accurate/efficient?

A

Put a lid on
Use an insulating container
Add conducting gel between object and container
Submerge the heater fully

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24
Q

What is potential energy?

A

The energy used to change the position of the particles (changing state - intermolecular bonds)

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25
Q

What is specific latent heat the measure of?

A

potential energy

26
Q

What is specific latent heat of fusion?

A

The heat energy transferred when 1kg of a substance changes from solid to liquid state
(Melting/freezing)

27
Q

What is the latent heat of vaporisation ?

A

The heat energy transferred when 1kg of a substance changes from liquid to gas state.
(Evaporating/condensing)

28
Q

What is the specific latent heat equation?

A

Energy = mass ✖️S.LH(v/f)
J= kg ✖️j/kg
E=ML

29
Q

What is the equation for pressure ?

A

Pressure = force ➗area
Pa = N ➗m^2

30
Q

How do gases exert pressure?

A

The particles move in high speed , random directions.
Collision with the walls of the container exerts a force- a net force on the inside of the container (surface) determines the pressure

31
Q

How does temperature affect pressure?

A

The more temperature, the faster the particles move, the more frequently the particles collide with the container walls, the more force is exerted resulting in more pressure.

32
Q

What was Rutherford expecting in his gold foil experiment?

A

He expected the alpha particles to pass right through as the positive charge was assumed to be spread out

33
Q

How does temperature affect gas pressure?

A

As temperature increases particle have more kinetic energy. The particles collide with a greater force at the wall. Leading to a higher resultant force from the wall , leading to higher pressure.

The two are directly proportional as long as volume is constant.

34
Q

what is the atmospheric pressure on earth?

A

100 kilo pascals
100,000 pascals

35
Q

what is the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas?

A

pressure and volume are inversely proportional as long as temperature is held constant.

on a graph the line would have a curved L but wouldn’t tough the axis of the graph

36
Q

what happens to the pressure as the volume is halved?

A

the particles collide twice as often (as there is twice as less space between the particle and the wall. )
Therefore the force exerted by gas particles per unit of time doubles , doubling the pressure of the gas.

37
Q

What is the equation for two variables of pressure and volume?

A

P1✖️V1= P2✖️V2
The product of pressure and volume stays the same before and after a change

38
Q

What happens when a gas is compressed ?

A

A force is required to move the gas particles together.
Work= force ✖️distance
Therefore work is done on a gas. The particles gain kinetic energy , move faster, raise in temperature

39
Q

What happens when a gas is expanded?

A

The gas particles apply a force, work is done (energy is transferred), the gas particles lose kinetic energy , move slower, a decrease in temperature

40
Q

What is the earth’s atmosphere and why does it have it?

A

A layer of gases, near earth due to it’s gravitational field

41
Q

What happens to the atmospheric pressure as you go higher up and why?

A

It decreases , because there are fewer gas particles due to it’s weaker gravitational field

42
Q

Which state of matter has more potential energy?

A

Gas ,because it has weak intermolecular bonds. This means that a lot of energy has been transferred to it to weaken these bonds

43
Q

Why is the pressure of a bottle highest at the bottom?

A

It has a large weight of liquid

44
Q

How does pressure in a liquid vary with depth?

A

The pressure in a liquid ONLY depends on the depth below the surface.
More width, more mass of water, more weight, more force
Pressure and depth are directly proportional

45
Q

How does the density of a liquid affect the pressure?

A

The higher the density , the more mass, the more weight force, higher force = higher pressure

46
Q

What is the liquid pressure equation?

A

Ro GH
Pressure= density ✖️depth✖️gravitational field (10N/m)

47
Q

Describe up thrust

A

A force that occurs whenever a body is immersed within a fluid.
Because of a pressure difference between the top and bottom fluid

48
Q

What is the difference between the atoms and particles?

A

Particles can be atoms , molecules or ions.
An atom is a single neutral particle

49
Q

Why do gasses have a low density?

A

They occupy more volume, as there is more space between the particles, as they have more energy.Resulting in a lower density

50
Q

How does the depth affect the pressure?

A

More depth , means more mass, which earns more density, which means more pressure

51
Q

What is archimedes principle?

A

The upthrust experienced by a body is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

52
Q

What is the formula for upthrust?

A

*upthrust is the weight of liquid displaced

Force = ro g h a
Force = density ✖️gravitational field strength ✖️height✖️surface area

Upthrust = ρghA

53
Q

When will a body float, sink and rise

A

Float:
mg= ρghA

Rise :
Mg<ρghA

Sink:
Mg> ρghA

54
Q

What happens when the atmospheric pressure is greater inside a ballon that it’s surroundings?

A
55
Q

does density of water vary with height ?

A

NO, trick question . The density of water is constant.
The pressure increases tho

56
Q

Under what circumstances will a body float?

A
57
Q

Under what circumstances will a body sink

A
58
Q
A

In circuit A , the total resistance is less than the smallest resistor value

In circuit B , the total resistance, is an addition of the two values of resistance

59
Q
A
60
Q

where does pressure produce a force?

A

the net force is produced at right angles to any surface

GCSE Physics OCR A (13 decks)

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