p values

Question 1

when is a chi-squared test used?

Answer 1

if data is in frequencies and you are attempting to find a difference between these frequencies

Question 2

what does it mean when data is in frequencies?

Answer 2

counting individuals in a category

Question 3

what three things must you do with chi-squared in an exam?

Answer 3

-justify a choice between the null and alternative hypothesis
-write a null hypothesis
-write a conclusion

Question 4

what is a null hypothesis?

Answer 4

states that there is no statistically significant difference between groups

Question 5

what is an alternative hypothesis?

Answer 5

assumes that there is a difference between the two variables

Question 6

what two categories does a chi-squared test look at?

Answer 6

observed vs expected

Question 7

what are the expected frequencies usually predicted as?

Answer 7

a 50/50 split

Question 8

how to calculate degrees of freedom in a chi-squared test:

Answer 8

number of categories - 1

Question 9

what is a p value?

Answer 9

P stands for probability:
it measures how likely it is that any observed difference between groups is due to chance

Question 10

what does p = 0.05 mean?

Answer 10

the probability that the observed results are 5% due to chance

Question 11

when can the null hypothesis be rejected?

Answer 11

if the calculates value meets or exceeds the critical value at p = 0.05, then the probability that the difference between frequencies are due to chance is 5% or less which means that the results are significantly different

Question 12

when can the null hypothesis be accepted?

Answer 12

when the calculated value is less than the critical value

Question 13

what happens when the null hypothesis is rejected?

Answer 13

the alternative hypothesis can be accepted