P/S

Question 1

Teacher Expectancy Effect

Answer 1

teachers preconceived ideas result in student performance that ultimately meets teacher’s expectations

Question 2

Hawthorne Effect

Answer 2

research subjects act diff cus they know we watching them

Question 3

Independent Variable

Answer 3

what’s being changed/manipulated (this is what is examined to check impact on DV)

Question 4

Internal locus of control

Answer 4

OWN actions/behaviors determine outcome of events

Question 5

External locus of control

Answer 5

Luck, fate, powerful others determine outcome of events

Question 6

False consciousness

Answer 6

Individuals from lower classes adopting misleading views of upper class and therefore accepting status quo

Question 7

McDonaldization

Answer 7

process by which extreme efficiency & rationalization produce negative consequences in society ex: reduced quality of products

Question 8

Social Reproduction

Answer 8

successive generations tend to occupy the same social class

Question 9

Stereotype threat

Answer 9

member of group are made aware of neg. stereotype abt their group before engaging in activity, causing performance to suffer

Question 10

Formal curriculum

Answer 10

explicit, official curriculum taught to students in educational system

Question 11

Social Stratification is based on:

Answer 11

1. Social Class ($, property)
2. Social Status (prestige, reputation)
3. Power (ability to exert control over actions of others)

Question 12

Absolute Poverty

Answer 12

inability to secure basic needs

Question 13

Relative Poverty

Answer 13

economic standing compared to others (depends on economy)

Question 14

James-Lange Theory

Answer 14

“I am afraid because my heart is pounding”

stimulus –> body response –> subjective experience

Question 15

Cannon-Bard

Answer 15

“my heart is pounding and the wolf makes me feel afraid”
stimulus –> SIMULTANEOUS body response & subjective experience

Question 16

Schachter-Singer

Answer 16

“my heart pounding signifies fear because I have appraised the situation as dangerous”
stimulus –> body response –> interpretation (cognition) –> subjective experience

Question 17

What carries sensory info to the brain?

Answer 17

white matter, afferent axonal tracts

Question 18

Dissociative Disorders are characterized by…

Answer 18

disruptions in memory & identity

Question 19

Dissociative identity disorder

Answer 19

presence of two or more distinct personalities (experience discontinuous sense of self)

Question 20

Dissociative amneisa

Answer 20

inability to recall important autobiographical info

Question 21

Factitious disorder

Answer 21

somatic symptom & related disorder (SSRD)
involves falsifying physical or psychological symptoms w/o obvious external gain
ex: fabricated memory loss to gain sympathy

Question 22

Periphery Nations

Answer 22

• limited economy
• weak gov
• depend on core nations
• exploited in global market

Question 23

Core nations

Answer 23

• diversified economy
• strong gov
• independent
• dominate global market

Question 24

Core nations ________ poorer countries

Answer 24

Exploit

Question 25

Core nations ________ poorer countries

Answer 25

Exploit

Question 26

Periphery nations rely on

Answer 26

exporting their resources (coffee, oil, labor) to wealthier countries

Question 27

Core nations export more [ ] than periphery nations

Answer 27

Goods

Question 28

Functionalism

Answer 28

society is an organism and each part of society works to maintain homeostasis

Question 29

Conflict (theory of sociology)

Answer 29

society = struggle for limited resources
inequality is based on social class

Question 30

Social constructionalism

Answer 30

knowledge about world based on interactions

Question 31

Symbolic interactionalism

Answer 31

meaning and value attached to symbols
- individual interactions based on these symbols

Question 32

Rational choice / Social exchange

Answer 32

people behave in attempt to maximize personal gain & minimize personal cost

Question 33

Negative reinforcement

Answer 33

operant conditioning
- undesirable stimulus removed
ex: no chores if u get all A’s

Question 34

Positive reinforcement

Answer 34

operant conditioning
- desirable stimulus added
ex: toddler gets candy for using toilet

Question 35

Reinforcement

Answer 35

encourages behavior to happen again

Question 36

Punishment

Answer 36

decreases behavior

Question 37

Positive punishment

Answer 37

operant conditioning
- undesirable stimulus added
ex: toddler gets pinched for running into street

Question 38

Negative punishment

Answer 38

operant conditioning
- undesirable stimulus removed
ex: taking away xbox for failing a class

Question 39

Implicit (non-declarative) Memory

Answer 39

cannot be consciously recalled
ex: skills, tasks, emotions, reflexes

1. procedural & 2. emotional

Question 40

Explicit (declarative) Memory

Answer 40

facts & events that can be consciously recalled

1. episodic & 2. semantic (facts)

Question 41

Function of corpus callosum

Answer 41

connects L and R hemispheres, allows for communication

Question 42

Left brain specializes in…

Answer 42

language
- speech (Broca’s)
- language comprehension (Wernicke)

Question 43

Right hemisphere specializes in…

Answer 43

creativity & music skills

Question 44

Intersectionality

Answer 44

individual holds multiple, interconnected, marginalized, social identities
ex: gender, race, age

Question 45

Sublimation

Answer 45

turning unacceptable thoughts/behaviors into productive acceptable ones
ex: boxing to channel anger