P/S Flashcards

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1
Q

Teacher Expectancy Effect

A

teachers preconceived ideas result in student performance that ultimately meets teacher’s expectations

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2
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

research subjects act diff cus they know we watching them

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3
Q

Independent Variable

A

what’s being changed/manipulated (this is what is examined to check impact on DV)

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4
Q

Internal locus of control

A

OWN actions/behaviors determine outcome of events

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5
Q

External locus of control

A

Luck, fate, powerful others determine outcome of events

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6
Q

False consciousness

A

Individuals from lower classes adopting misleading views of upper class and therefore accepting status quo

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7
Q

McDonaldization

A

process by which extreme efficiency & rationalization produce negative consequences in society ex: reduced quality of products

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8
Q

Social Reproduction

A

successive generations tend to occupy the same social class

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9
Q

Stereotype threat

A

member of group are made aware of neg. stereotype abt their group before engaging in activity, causing performance to suffer

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10
Q

Formal curriculum

A

explicit, official curriculum taught to students in educational system

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11
Q

Social Stratification is based on:

A
  1. Social Class ($, property)
  2. Social Status (prestige, reputation)
  3. Power (ability to exert control over actions of others)
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12
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

inability to secure basic needs

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13
Q

Relative Poverty

A

economic standing compared to others (depends on economy)

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14
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

“I am afraid because my heart is pounding”

stimulus –> body response –> subjective experience

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15
Q

Cannon-Bard

A

“my heart is pounding and the wolf makes me feel afraid”
stimulus –> SIMULTANEOUS body response & subjective experience

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16
Q

Schachter-Singer

A

“my heart pounding signifies fear because I have appraised the situation as dangerous”
stimulus –> body response –> interpretation (cognition) –> subjective experience

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17
Q

What carries sensory info to the brain?

A

white matter, afferent axonal tracts

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18
Q

Dissociative Disorders are characterized by…

A

disruptions in memory & identity

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19
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

presence of two or more distinct personalities (experience discontinuous sense of self)

20
Q

Dissociative amneisa

A

inability to recall important autobiographical info

21
Q

Factitious disorder

A

somatic symptom & related disorder (SSRD)
involves falsifying physical or psychological symptoms w/o obvious external gain
ex: fabricated memory loss to gain sympathy

22
Q

Periphery Nations

A
  • limited economy
  • weak gov
  • depend on core nations
  • exploited in global market
23
Q

Core nations

A
  • diversified economy
  • strong gov
  • independent
  • dominate global market
24
Q

Core nations ________ poorer countries

A

Exploit

25
Q

Core nations ________ poorer countries

A

Exploit

26
Q

Periphery nations rely on

A

exporting their resources (coffee, oil, labor) to wealthier countries

27
Q

Core nations export more [ ] than periphery nations

A

Goods

28
Q

Functionalism

A

society is an organism and each part of society works to maintain homeostasis

29
Q

Conflict (theory of sociology)

A

society = struggle for limited resources
inequality is based on social class

30
Q

Social constructionalism

A

knowledge about world based on interactions

31
Q

Symbolic interactionalism

A

meaning and value attached to symbols
- individual interactions based on these symbols

32
Q

Rational choice / Social exchange

A

people behave in attempt to maximize personal gain & minimize personal cost

33
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

operant conditioning
- undesirable stimulus removed
ex: no chores if u get all A’s

34
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

operant conditioning
- desirable stimulus added
ex: toddler gets candy for using toilet

35
Q

Reinforcement

A

encourages behavior to happen again

36
Q

Punishment

A

decreases behavior

37
Q

Positive punishment

A

operant conditioning
- undesirable stimulus added
ex: toddler gets pinched for running into street

38
Q

Negative punishment

A

operant conditioning
- undesirable stimulus removed
ex: taking away xbox for failing a class

39
Q

Implicit (non-declarative) Memory

A

cannot be consciously recalled
ex: skills, tasks, emotions, reflexes

  1. procedural & 2. emotional
40
Q

Explicit (declarative) Memory

A

facts & events that can be consciously recalled

  1. episodic & 2. semantic (facts)
41
Q

Function of corpus callosum

A

connects L and R hemispheres, allows for communication

42
Q

Left brain specializes in…

A

language
- speech (Broca’s)
- language comprehension (Wernicke)

43
Q

Right hemisphere specializes in…

A

creativity & music skills

44
Q

Intersectionality

A

individual holds multiple, interconnected, marginalized, social identities
ex: gender, race, age

45
Q

Sublimation

A

turning unacceptable thoughts/behaviors into productive acceptable ones
ex: boxing to channel anger