P&P1

Question 1

Define Pathophysiology

Answer 1

The study of how the functions of cells, tissues and organs are altered in disease or injury

Question 2

Define Aetiology

Answer 2

The study of the cause, or causes, of a disease

Question 3

Define Idiopathic Aetiology

Answer 3

When the cause of the disease is unknown

Question 4

Define Iatrogenic Aetiology

Answer 4

When the disease is caused by a medical treatment, procedure or an error

Question 5

Define Pathogenesis

Answer 5

Represents the development of a disease, and usually

covers how a disease becomes established and progresses

Question 6

Define Acute (pathogenesis)

Answer 6

Short-term illness that develops quickly

Question 7

Define Chronic (pathogenesis)

Answer 7

Often a milder condition that develops gradually for a long time

Question 8

Signs

Answer 8

Objective indicators of disease that are obvious to someone other than the person affected

Question 9

Symptoms

Answer 9

Subjective feelings e.g., pain and nausea

Question 10

Epidemiology

Answer 10

The study of the characteristics and distribution patterns of a disease within populations

Question 11

Incidence

Answer 11

Represents the number of new cases of a disease diagnosed within a particular period

Question 12

Prevalence

Answer 12

The total number of cases of a disease, both newly and previously diagnosed at a particular time

Question 13

What is cell adaption

Answer 13

Cells adapt to new conditions such as prolonged exposure to persistent or intense stimuli by changing in size, number and type

Question 14

What happens to a cell when it experiences reversible injury

Answer 14

Affected cells recover after the stimulus is removed

Question 15

What happens to a cell when it experiences irreversible injury

Answer 15

Results in cell death

Question 16

Cell Adaption

Define Atrophy

Answer 16

A decrease in the size of cells, tissues or organs due to demand on cells decreasing below normal
(bedridden patients and fractured limbs that are immobilised for a long period (decreased workload), spinal cord injury)

Question 17

Cell Adaption

Define Hypertrophy

Answer 17

An increase in the size of cells, tissues or organs due to demand on cells that is greater than normal
(body building)

Question 18

Cell Adaption

Define Hyperplasia

Answer 18

An increase in the number of cells in response to increased demand
(uterine enlargement during pregnancy)

Question 19

Cell Adaption

Define Metaplasia

Answer 19

One cell type transforms into another cell type
(Columnar cells in bronchus transform from ciliated columnar epithelial cells into stratified squamous epithelium due to cigarette smoking)

Question 20

Cell Adaption

Define Dysplasia

Answer 20

Disorderly arrangement of cells leading to breakdown of the tissue
Maybe reversible if the stimulus is discontinued/removed
(Columnar cells in bronchus transform from ciliated columnar epithelial cells into stratified squamous epithelium due to cigarette smoking. If the stimulus persists it may progress to dysplasia)